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Human Anatomy > Skeletal Muscular System - Appendicular > Flashcards

Skeletal Muscular System - Appendicular Flashcards

1
Q

Extrinsic Muscles

A

Originates outside the limb and Insertions are within the limb

often large dynamic movers

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2
Q

Intrinsic Muscles

A

muscles that originate and insert within the upper limb itself

Subgroups:
Anterior/Posterior Arm Muscles,
Anterior/Posterior Forearm Muscles,
Muscles of Hand

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3
Q

4 Anterior Axioappendicular

A

1 Pectoralis Major Muscle
2 Serratus Anterior Muscle
3 Subclavius Muscle
4 Pectoralis Minor Muscle

attached more anteriorly on thoracic wall. Origin on Axial and Inserts on Appendicular (thus the name)

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4
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

largest/most superficial of anterior axioappendicular muscles

large, dynamic move of upper limb

powerful adduction + medial rotation of the arm

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5
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A

deep to pectoralis major

Origin: 2-4, sometimes 5 rib
Insert: Coracoid process of Scapula

stabilizes scapula

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6
Q

Subclavius Muscle

A

directly below scapula

depesses should, stabilizes clavivle during mvmt of upper limb

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7
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Origin: anterior ribs
Insert: scapula

most powerful muscle of pectoral girdle; protractor of scapula, keeps scapula anchored against posterior thoracic wall

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8
Q

4 Posterior Axioappendicular Muscles

A

1 Trapezius
2 Latissimus Dorsi
3 Levator Scapulae
4 Rhomboid Major, Minor

counterparts to anterior group

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9
Q

Trapezius

A

large, superficial, diamond shaped muscle

Origin: skull, upper vertebrae
Insert: clavicle, scapulae

elevates scapula, rotation of later parts of scapula upwards, facilitates in raising upper limb above the head

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10
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

flat muscle located inferior + deep to trapezius

large dynamic mvmt, extension, adduction, medial rotation of upper limb; depression of shoulder

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11
Q

Levator Scapulae

A

deep to trapezius, superior to spine of scapula.

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12
Q

Rhomboid Major/Minor

A

retracts the scapula

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13
Q

4 Rotator Cuff Muscles

S.I.T.S.

A

Supraspinatus (superior to spine of scapula)
Infraspinatus (inferior to spine of scapula)
Teres Minor (inferior, posterior, lateral part of scapula)
Subscapularis (anterior of scapula) (medial rotation of upper limb)

ASSIST IN KEEPING THE HEAD OF THE HUMERUS IN THE GLENOID FOSSA

supraspinatus assist the deltoid in abduction of arm for first 15 degree

other muscles all rotate the humerus

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14
Q

3 Muscles of Anterior Arm

A

1 Biceps Brachii
2 Coracobrachialis
3 Brachialis

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15
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

most superficial/anterior that attached to radius
long head is more lateral, longer tendon
short head is medial

cross shoulder + elbow joints for shoulder+ elbow flexion; supination of elbow joint

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16
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

deep to short head of biceps brachii + shares attachment w short head

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17
Q

Brachialis

A

real dominant elbow flexor

mid humerus + attached to ulna

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18
Q

5 Muscles of Posterior Arm

A 
Teres Minor
Teres Major
Medial Head of Triceps (deepest of triceps)
Long Head of Triceps
Lateral Head of Triceps
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19
Q

Triceps

A

major forearm extensor mainly carried out by medial and lateral head

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20
Q

Long Head of Triceps

A

crosses both elbow and shoulder joints

most superficial and posterior

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21
Q

Flexors of the Forearm

A

muscles that originate from the MEDIAL epicondyle

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22
Q

Extensors of the Forearm

A

muscles that originate from the LATERAL epicondyle

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23
Q

Anterior Forearm Muscles:

Superficial Layer

A 
from lateral to medial:
Pronator Teres 
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Palmaris Longus
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

all originate in medial epicondyle

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24
Q

Pronator Teres

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, + ulna
Insert: Radius

weak flexion of elbow joint; pronation of forearm

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25
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis

A

Origin: medial condyle of humerus
Insert: 2nd base of metacarpal

flexion of wrist + abduction of hand

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26
Q

Palmaris Longus

A

Origin: medial epycondyle of humerus
Insert: flexor retinaculum + palmar aponeurosis

only present in 85% of population; flexion of wrist + weak flexion of elbow joint

27
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of humeros
Insert: pisiform hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal

28
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

FDS

A

Intermediate muscle of anterior forearm compartment

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus + coronoid process of ulna
Insert: middle phalanges of 2-5 digits

flexion at elbow, wrist, MCP, IP joints of 2-5 digits

29
Q

Anterior Forearm Muscles:

Deep Layer

A

1 Pronator Quadratus (ulna + radius wrist)
2 Flexor Digitorum Profundus (digits 2-5)
3 Flexor Pollicis Longus (digit 1 aka THUMB)

30
Q

Pronator Quadratus

A

flat square shape connects distal Ulna (origin) to distal Radius (insert)

pronator of arm + stabilizes distal radioulnar joint

interosseous nerve

31
Q

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

A

Origin: proximal 3/4 of medial+anterior surface of ulna
Inserts: branches into 4 tendons of 2-5 digits

flex of wrist, metacaroppphalangeal joint, distal phalanges

32
Q

Flexor Pollicis Longus

A

Origin: anterior surface of radius
Insert: 1st digit (Thumb)

flex thumb, interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal, carpometacarpal joints of thumb

33
Q

Muscles of Posterior Forearm
(3 groups, 3 muscles each)

originates fr lateral aspects of forearm,
all tendons pass deep to flexor retinaculum at wrist,
then attach to respective insertions

A 
1 extend/abduct hand at wrist:
1 Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
1 Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
1 Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
2 muscle extend/abduct at thumb
2 Extensor Pollicis Longus
2 Extensor Pollicis Brevis
2 Abductor Pollicis Brevis
3 muscles extend the (4 medial) digits
3 Extensor Digitorum
3 Extensor Indicis
3 Extensor Digiti Minimi
34
Q

Muscles of Hand Groups

A 
Thenar Muscles (radial side of hand; mvmt of thumb)
Hypothenar Muscles (ulnar side of hand; mvmt of pinky)
Lumbricals (flexion of metacarpophalangeal joints while extending interphalangeal joints)
Interossei (between bones of hand; palmar side + dorsal side)
35
Q

4 Regions of Lower Limb

A

1 Gluteal Region (Superficial, Deep)
2 Thigh Region ( Anterior, Posterior, Medial)
3 Leg Region (Anterior, Lateral, Posterior)
4 Foor Region ( Dorsal, Plantar)

36
Q

Superficial Gluteal Region

A

Gluteus Maximus heaviest/strongest extensor of hip + rotation of thigh
Gluteus Medius important in preventing contralateral hip drop during walking
Gluteus Minimus same as Medius
Tensor Fascia Lata most anterior to stabilized knee in extension

mainly act on FEMUR to extend + abduct hip.
all originate in posterolateral surface of Ilium

superior gluteal nerve

37
Q

Deep Layer Gluteal Region

A 
plays a major role in lateral roation of thigh, provides stability as they pull the femoral head into acetabulum
Gluteus Minimus
Piriformis
Obturator Internus
Superior + Inferior Gemelli
Quadratus Femoris
38
Q

Sciatic Neve

A

lies between superficial and deep gluteal muscles

39
Q

Gluteus Minimus

A

fan shaped muscle helps ABDUCT the lower limb + prevents contralateral hip drop

Origin: broad winf of ilium
Insert: narrows into greater trochanter

40
Q

PIRIFORMIS

A

Origin: anterolateral surface of sacrum
Insert: greater trochanter of femur

strong ABDUCTOR + ROTATOR of hip, close to SCIATIC NERVE. important BORDER for blood vessels/nerves

41
Q

Obturator Internus

A

Origin: Ischium + Pubis (which then covers the obturator foramen bw them)
Insert: greater trochanter of femur

42
Q

Superior + Inferior Gemelli

A

triangular + narrow in shape. separated by Obturator Internus

43
Q

Tricipital Muscle of Gluteal Region

a.k.a. Triceps Coxae

A

they CANNOT produce an action independently

superior to inferior:
Superior Gemelli, Obturator Internus, Inferior Gemelli

44
Q

Quadratus Femoris

A

inferior to Inferior Gemelli
Origin: Ischium Tuberosity
Insert: Intertrochanteric Chest

strong LATERAL ROTATER of thigh

45
Q

Compartments of Thigh

A

From superior view in clockwise order
Anterior (Sartoris, Vastus Medialis, Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Iliotibial Tract)
—-Lateral Intermuscular Septum—
Posterior (Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimenbranosus)
—Posterior Intermuscular Septum—
Medial (Adductor Magnus, Adductor Longus, Gracilis)
—Medial Intermuscular Septum—

46
Q

Quadriceps

Group of Anterior Thigh Muscles

A

cross at knee joint, prone to atrophy secondary to injury

1 Rectus Femoris (most anterior, flex hip, extend knee)
2 Vastus Medialis (stabilise patella, extend knee)
3 Vastus Lateralis (extend knee)
4 Vastus Intermedius

Vastus originates fr Femur
Rectus originates fr Ilium

Combines into femoris tendon to insert onto Patella + Tibial Tuberosity via Patellar Tendon

47
Q

HIP FLEXORS

A

Iliopsoas
Pectineus
Sartorius

48
Q

Ilipsoas

A

Iliacus + Psoas major form Ilipsoas
Psoas Origin: T12-L5 transverse process
Iliacus Origin: Iliac Fossa

flex hip + flex trunk when they work bilaterally

49
Q

Pectineus

A

Origin: superior pubic ramus
Insert: posterior femoral shaft

flexes + adducts hip

50
Q

Sartorius

A

long superficial muscle runs in oblique manner
Origin: anterior superior iliac spine of pelvis
Inserts: knee on pes anserine are of superomedial tibia

flexion, abduction, lateral rotation of hip
flexion of knee

51
Q

Great Major League Baseball Players!

medial thigh muscles aka Hip Adductors from inferior to superior

A 
Gracilis
Adductor Magnus
Adductor Longus
Adductor Brevis
                 Pectineus
52
Q

Gracilis

A

long thing strap-like, almost vertical, superficial in mid thigh. only medial thigh muscle that crosses knee

Origin: inferior pubic ramus
Insert: pes anserinus area of superomedial tibia

can bring thigh towards midline, adduction of hip, flexion of knee, medial rotation of leg when knee is flexed

53
Q

Adductor Magnus

A

largest, deepest of adductors. fan shaped

Origin: pubic ramus, ischiopubic ramus, ischial tuberosity
Insert: broadly onto gluteal tubercle to lineaspera(posterior femur). other insert onto adductor tubercle + medial supracondylar line (distal femur)

most responsible for hip adduction, flexing hip

54
Q

Adductor Longus

A

most anterior of adductor, fan shaped
Origin: narrow at medial portion of pubic ramus
Insert: widens to middle portion of linea aspera

55
Q

Adductor Brevis

A

Origin: body + inferior ramus of pubis
Insert: shaft of femur at pectineal line + proximal part of linea aspera

adduction + flexion of hip join, extension, external rotation, stabilization of pelvis

56
Q

Pectineus

A

Origin: superor pubic ramus
Inser: posterior femoral shaft

flexes + adducts the hip

57
Q

Posterior Thigh Muscles

a.k.a. Hamstring Muscles

A

3 muscles that cross both hip + knee joints
flexors of knee, extensions of hip (except bicep femoris),

Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps Femoris

58
Q

Semimembranosus

A

medial muscle of hamstrong, large broad membrane like appearance
Origin: outer surface of Ischial Tuberosity
Insert: medial tibial condyle

during contraction, it extends + stabilized the hip as well as flexes + internally rotates the knee

59
Q

Semitendinosus

A

follows same path as semimembranosus but more lateral + superficial
this, narrower cord-like appearance at distal half
Origin: Ischial Tuberosity + Sacrotuberous Ligament
Insert: medial surface of Tibial Tuberosity

stabilizer + extensor of hip; flexor + internal rotate leg at knee

60
Q

Biceps Femoris

A

has long+short head (short head is not part of hamstrings)

Origin: lateral Linea Aspera (of femur)
Insert: head of fibula + lateral condyle of tibia

61
Q

Compartment of Lower Limb

A

Anterior
Lateral
Posterior Superficial
Posterior Deep

62
Q

Anterior Compartment of Lower Limb

A 
anterior to INTEROSEEOUS MEMBRANE
dorsiflexion of ankle, extension of toes, inversion of foot
4 muscles:
Large Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Small Fibularis Tertius
63
Q

Lateral Compartment of Lower Limbs

A

lateral to interosseous membrane

Fibularis Longus + Fibularis Brevis

legword in synergy to every the foot

64
Q

Posterior Compartment of Lower Limbs

A

posterior to interosseious membrane

Superficial Layer: Medial + Lateral Heads of Gastrocnemius, Plantaris, Soleus
Deep Layer: Flexor Hallucis Longus, Flexor Digitorum Longus, Tibialis Posterior, Popliteus

Human Anatomy (29 decks)

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