Digestive System COPY Flashcards
Wall of Esophagus
From deep to superficial:
- Mucosa
- Submucosa
- Muscular Layer
Mucosa Layer of Esophagus
epithelium is nonkeratinized (mucosal) stratified squamous epithelium
abrasion-resistant
Muscularis Mucosae
- thin/absent in pharynx
- thickens to 200-400um in esophagus
- found in submucosa layer
- single layer of longitudinal smooth muscle
Submucosal Glands
in digestive system, only found in Duodenum and Esophagus
simple, branched, tubular glands that produce mucous secretion that lubricated the bolus + protects epithelial surface
Submucosa Layer of Esophagus
contains Muscularis Mucosae and Submucosal Glands
Muscular Layer of Esophagus
-has inner + outer longitudinal layer; covered in Adventitia of connective tissue
- in superior third, both contain mostly skeletal muscles
- in middle third, even mixture of skeletal + smooth muscles
- in inferior third, contains only smooth muscles
Adventitia of Esophagus
outside of muscular layer of esophagus
-anchors esophagus to posterior body wall
RetroPeritoneum of Esophagus
peritoneum covers anterior and left lateral surface
- only found on esophagus that is between diaphragm and stomach
Blood Vessels that supply Esophagus (7)
1 esophageal artery 2 thyrocervical trunk 3 external carotid arteries of neck 4 bronchial arteries 5 esophageal arteries of mediastinum 6 inferior phrenic artery 7 left gastric artery of abdomen
Intraperitoneal
Organs enveloped by visceral peritoneum
Retroperitoneal
Organs only covered by parietal peritoneum anteriorly
PRIMARY - organs that develop + remain outside of peritoneum
SECONDARY - organs originally intraperitoneal and then became retroperitoneal
SAD PUCKER
mnemonic for retropineal organs
S = Suprarenal (adrenal) Glands A = Aorta/IVC D =Duodenum (except the proximal 2cm, the duodenal cap) P = Pancreas (except the tail) U = Ureters C = Colon (ascending and descending parts) K = Kidneys E = (O)esophagus R = Rectum
MESENTERY
double layer of visceral peritoneum
- usually connects intraperitoneal organs to posterior wall
- provives pathway for nerves, vessels, lymphatics from body wall to viscera
4 Regions of the Stomach
1 CARDIA
2 FUNDUS
3 BODY
4 PLYORIC PART
CARDIA
most superior, medial portion of stomach
immediately surrounding the junction of the esophagus
Esophageal lumen opens into the Cardia of CArdiac Orifice
FUNDUS
region that projects superior to the junction b/w esophagus and stomach
contracts the inferior + posterior portion of the diaphragm
BODY of Stomach
area b/w Fundus and curve of J.
largest region of stomach
functions as a mixing tank for ingested food and gastric secretions
PLYORIC PART
“gatekeeper”
b/w body of stomach and duodenum
3 parts:
1 PYLORIC ANTRUM - connected to body
2 PYLORUS - muscular tissue surrounding pyloric orifice
3 PYLORIC SPHINCTER - regulates the release chyme into the duodenum
GASTRIC FOLDS
appears when stomach is empty of food and chime.
gradually flatens out until maximum distension
Blood Supply to Stomach
3 branches of the Celiac Trunk supply blood to the stomach:
1 Left gastric artery - supplies lesser curvature and cardia
2 Splenic artery - supplies fundus
3 Left gastro epiploic artery - supplies greater curvature
4 Common hepatic artery (branches into 4a right gastric artery, 4b right gastro epiploic artery, 4c gastroduodenal artery) - supplies greater + lesser curvatures at the plyrosus
5 Gastric vein + Gastro epiploic vein - drain blood intoHepatic portal vein