Chapter 24

Question 1

The respiratory system __________.

Answer 1

provides a large surface area for gas diffusion

Question 2

For which of the following activities is the respiratory system NOT responsible? -providing a large surface area for the diffusion of gases into and out of the body -regulating the pH of the blood, as well as the pressure and volume -protecting the airways from pathogenic invasion -delivering oxygen-rich blood to the peripheral tissues

Answer 2

delivering oxygen-rich blood to the peripheral tissues

Question 3

The upper respiratory tract __________.

Answer 3

warms and humidifies incoming air

Question 4

Which of the following is found in the nasopharynx?

Answer 4

the opening for the auditory tube

Question 5

The trachea __________.

Answer 5

lies anterior to the esophagus.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT part of the palate, the separation between the nasal and oral cavities? soft palate palatine bones maxillae ethmoid bone

Answer 6

ethmoid bone

Question 7

Which of the following is a passageway for both food and air?

Answer 7

oropharynx

Question 8

Which of the following prevents liquids or solids from entering the larynx when swallowing?

Answer 8

epiglottis

Question 9

The pharynx does NOT directly connect to the __________. mouth esophagus trachea Eustachian, or auditory tubes

Answer 9

trachea

Question 10

Which structure is considered to be most superior in location in the lower respiratory system? trachea nasal passages pharynx larynx

Answer 10

larynx

Question 11

A cross-section of the trachea reveals that C-shaped cartilage rings are present. What is the function of these rings?

Answer 11

These rings keep the respiratory passage open.

Question 12

A person would be more likely to aspirate food into the right lung than the left lung because the right primary bronchus is __________ than the left primary bronchus.

Answer 12

wider

Question 13

The left lung has __________.

Answer 13

two secondary bronchi

Question 14

The trachea __________.

Answer 14

is surrounded by C-shaped rings of cartilage

Question 15

The largest of the laryngeal cartilages is the __________.

Answer 15

thyroid cartilage

Question 16

The unique C-shaped cartilage rings of the trachea __________.

Answer 16

allow the expansion of the esophagus into the posterior region of the trachea during deglutition

Question 17

Type II alveolar cells __________.

Answer 17

produce surfactant

Question 18

The respiratory membrane __________.

Answer 18

is comprised of two layers of simple squamous epithelium and their fused basement membrane.

Question 19

Alveoli are surrounded by which of the following?

Answer 19

capillaries

Question 20

Which of the following correctly describes the muscle surrounding the terminal bronchioles?

Answer 20

The autonomic nervous system regulates its activity.

Question 21

From largest to smallest, which is the correct sequence?

Answer 21

main bronchi, tertiary bronchi, terminal bronchioles, and respiratory bronchioles

Question 22

As you descend from the trachea to the alveoli, the amount of cartilage surrounding the passageway __________.

Answer 22

decreases

Question 23

If we were to examine cross-sections of the primary bronchi, then secondary, then tertiary, and finally the respiratory bronchioles, we would notice __________.

Answer 23

a decrease in the amount of hyaline cartilage

Question 24

Which type of cell produces an oily secretion to keep the alveoli from closing due to the surface tension of water in the lungs?

Answer 24

pneumocyte type II cell

Question 25

Gas exchange is performed in the respiratory portion of the respiratory tract. In which of the following does that event occur?

Answer 25

alveoli

Question 26

Why are the lungs NOT perfectly bilateral?

Answer 26

The heart is found on the left side of the thorax, and thus the left lung must accommodate the presence of the heart.

Question 27

What are the primary respiratory muscles that actively increase the volume of the thorax for inhalation?

Answer 27

Diaphragm and external intercostals

Question 28

Which of the following correctly describes the changes in volume and pressure associated with inhalation?

Answer 28

The thoracic cavity expands, internal pressure falls, and air flows into the lungs.

Question 29

Pulmonary ventilation is controlled by respiratory centers in the brain stem. The inspiratory center controls the motor neurons that innervate the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles, while the expiratory center controls the motor neurons that innervate the accessory muscles responsible for active exhalation. Given what you know about eupnea and hyperpnea, which of the following statements about these centers is correct?

Answer 29

During eupnea, only the inspiratory center is active.

Question 30

If Abby is running and is forcefully inhaling to bring in adequate oxygen, which of the following muscles is NOT contracting during her forceful inhalation?

Answer 30

internal intercostals

Question 31

Jan is quietly inhaling and exhaling, but she has recently flown into Denver, which is at high elevation; thus, her pace is a bit faster than normal, but not forced. Which center is NOT active during her inspirations?

Answer 31

ventral respiratory group

Question 32

Answer 32

Question 33

Answer 33

Question 34

Answer 34

Question 35

Answer 35

Question 36

Answer 36