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Human Anatomy > Chapter 16-27 Quiz > Flashcards

Chapter 16-27 Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

The large commissure that connects the right and left sides of the brain is called the ________.

A

Corpus collosum

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2
Q

Which secondary brain vesicle forms the cerebrum?

A

telencephalon

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3
Q

All the preganglionic and postganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic division release ________ at their synapses and neuroeffector junctions.

A

acetylcholine (ACh)

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4
Q

Which structure is a thin, semitransparent connective tissue sheet that separates the external ear from the middle ear?

A

tympanic membrane

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5
Q

Vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the ________.

A

medulla oblongata

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6
Q

Which structure connects the third ventricle with the fourth ventricle?

A

cerebral aqueduct

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7
Q

The primary auditory cortex is located in the ________.

A

temporal lobe

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8
Q

A shallow groove on the surface of the cortex is called a ________.

A

sulcus

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9
Q

The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges?

A

arachnoid and pia mater

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10
Q

The brain stem consists of the ________.

A

midbrain, medulla, pons

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11
Q

The epithelium covering the inner surface of the eyelids and the outer surface of the eye is called the ________.

A

conjuctiva

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12
Q

The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the ________.

A

lateral sulcus

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13
Q

The central sulcus separates which lobes?

A

frontal lobe + parietal lobe

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14
Q

Preganglionic neurons in the sympathetic (thoracolumbar) division of the ANS are located in the ________ of spinal segments T1- L2.

A

lateral gray horns

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15
Q

Which fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres?

A

longitudinal fissure

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16
Q

Gustatory information from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is carried to the gustatory cortex of the cerebrum via which cranial nerve?

A

facial nerve

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17
Q

Receptors for hearing are located in the ________.

A

cochlea

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18
Q

The “resting and digesting” division of the autonomic nervous system is the ________.

A

parasympathetic division

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19
Q

The ________ includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus.

A

diencephalon

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20
Q

The sympathetic division of the ANS has ________.

A

A. long postganglionic axons.
B. norepinephrine as a transmitter substance.
C. preganglionic neuron cell bodies in the T1-L2 regions of the spinal cord.

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21
Q

Which of the following is a dural septum, described as a large sickle- shaped fold that dips into the longitudinal fissure between the cerebral hemispheres?

A

falx cerebri

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22
Q

What connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?

A

infundibulum

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23
Q

Which of the following structures is not part of the external ear?

A

pharyngotympanic tube

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24
Q

The conjunctiva that lines the internal surface of the eyelids is termed the ________ conjunctiva.

A

palpebral conjunctiva

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25
Q

Preparing the body for the “fight- or- flight” response is the role of the ________.

A

sympathetic nervous system

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26
Q

Which neurotransmitter is released by sympathetic preganglionic axons at their synapses with ganglionic neurons?

A

acetylcholine

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27
Q

Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called ________.

A

gyri

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28
Q

The ventral portion of the ________ develops into the pons, and the dorsal portion becomes the cerebellum.

A

metencephalon

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29
Q

When the diaphragm contracts, the size of the thoracic cavity ________, the pressure inside the thoracic cavity ________, and air flows ________ the lungs.

A

increases; drops; into

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30
Q

Which cells produce surfactant?

A

alveolar type-II (AT-II) cells of the lungs.

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31
Q

Erythropoietin is produced in the

A

kidneys

liver

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32
Q

Fluid that reduces surface tension of the alveolar walls.

A

surfactant

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33
Q

Cells that manufacture and secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone are located in the

A

pars distalis.

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34
Q

The part of the brain that generates the basic respiratory rhythm is the

A

medulla oblongata

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35
Q

Cells that manufacture and secrete aldosterone are located in the

A

zona glomerulosa

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36
Q

The serous membrane lining of the wall of the thoracic cavity.

A

parietal pleura

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37
Q

Target organs for the hormone oxytocin include the uterus and the

A

mammary glands

38
Q

Cells that manufacture and secrete ACTH are located in the

A

pituitary gland.

39
Q

The ________ flaps over the glottis when we swallow food.

A

epiglottis

40
Q

The beta type of endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets secretes a hormone that

A

Lowers blood sugar levels

41
Q

Which endocrine gland stores enough of its hormone extracellularly to last several months?

A

the thyroid

42
Q

Cells that manufacture and secrete androgens are located in the

A

zona reticularis

43
Q

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland?

A

melanocyte stimulating hormone(MSH)

44
Q

Gland of the epithalamus.

A

pineal gland

45
Q

Pancreatic cell type that produces insulin.

A

Beta cells (B cells)

46
Q

Endocrine gland of the thorax that is also important in immune function.

A

thymus gland

47
Q

Alveolar cells that allow rapid diffusion of respiratory gases.

A

Type 1

48
Q

Which of the following endocrine glands is capable of storing its hormones extracellularly and then slowly releasing them?

A

Thyroid gland

49
Q

The action of the parathyroid hormone is counteracted by

A

calcitonin

50
Q

The target of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is

A

The ovaries

51
Q

The anatomical stalk of the pituitary is also known as

A

infundibulum.

52
Q

Pancreatic cell type that produces glucagon.

A

Alpha cells (A cells)

53
Q

The passageway between the nasopharynx and the middle ear is the

A

eustachian tube

54
Q

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary?

A

ADH

55
Q

Leukocyte primarily responsible for destroying bacteria.

A

neutrophil

56
Q

________ is a condition in which there is an abnormally low concentration of platelets in the blood.

A

Thrombocytopenia

57
Q

The heart chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.

A

left atrium

58
Q

The largest lymphoid organ.

A

spleen

59
Q

Contraction of these structures tightens the chordae tendineae, preventing valve prolapse.

A

papillary muscles

60
Q

The most common formed elements in the blood are

A

red blood cells

61
Q

The epicardium is the same as the

A

visceral layer of serous pericardium

62
Q

The abdominal aorta divides at its distal end into which arteries?

A

the common iliac arteries

63
Q

Most abundant formed element.

A

erythrocytes.

64
Q

What vessel in the fetus connects the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch so that most of the blood bypasses the immature lungs?

A

ductus arteriosus

65
Q

The inner endothelial layer that lines the heart is the

A

endocardium

66
Q

The plasma’s globulins include

A

both anti bodies and the blood proteins that transport lipids, iron and copper.

67
Q

Oxygen-poor blood returns to the heart and enters the

A

right atrium of the heart

68
Q

If examination of the blood reveals a large number of immature leukocytes, the individual is probably suffering from

A

leukemia

69
Q

A drop of blood returning to the heart from the head region would enter the heart through which vessel?

A

the superior vena cava

70
Q

During ventricular systole, blood is

A

ejected from the ventricles through the large arteries connected to the heart

71
Q

The tonsil located on the posterior surface of the tongue is the ________ tonsil.

A

lingual

72
Q

________ is a condition in which the blood’s capacity for carrying oxygen is diminished.

A

Anemia

73
Q

Percentage of blood comprised by erythrocytes.

A

hematocrit

74
Q

Threadlike structures of the endocardium that prevent prolapse of the atrioventricular valves.

A

chordae tendineae

75
Q

Which of the following structures is not found in the left ventricle?

A

the pectinate muscles

76
Q

Which of the following cells lack mitochondria?

A

erythrocytes

77
Q

The valve responsible for preventing backflow of blood from the lungs into the heart.

A

Pulmonary semilunar valve

78
Q

Which of the following vessels does not carry oxygen-poor blood to the heart?

A

the pulmonary vein

79
Q

Seen in abundance during parasitic infection.

A

eosinophil

80
Q

Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the

A

left atrium

81
Q

The tricuspid valve is closed

A

when the ventricle is in systole

82
Q

________ is a condition in which there is an abnormal excess of erythrocytes in the blood.

A

Polycythemia

83
Q

The heart chamber that pumps oxygenated blood around the systemic circuit is the

A

left ventricle

84
Q

The formed element that is flattened, circular, lacks a nucleus, lacks mitochondria or ribosomes, and is red because of the presence of hemoglobin is

A

an erythrocyte

85
Q

Uterine Wall (deep to superficial)

A

Endometrium: simple columnar epith., functional layer, basal layer
Myometrium: longitudinal, circular (most), longitudinal
Perimetrium: serosa (only anterior + posterior)

86
Q

Areola

A

region around nipple; sebaceous glands beneath

87
Q

Primary reproduction organs

male + female

A

Testes, Ovaries

88
Q

Avg. Length of Menstrual Cycle

A

21-35 days

lasts 1-7 days

89
Q

Androgen

A

produces testosterone which 1. stimulates sperm production maturity

  1. secondary sex characteristics
  2. stim growth/metabolism
  3. sex behavior/drive
90
Q

LH

A

stim testes to produce testosterone;

stim ovulation

91
Q

Uterine Ligaments

A

posterior-anterior

Uterosacral Lig.
Cardinal (broad ligament
Round (around the bladder)

92
Q

testosterone is produced in the

A

interstitial cells

Human Anatomy (29 decks)

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