Chapter 16-27 Quiz Flashcards
The large commissure that connects the right and left sides of the brain is called the ________.
Corpus collosum
Which secondary brain vesicle forms the cerebrum?
telencephalon
All the preganglionic and postganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic division release ________ at their synapses and neuroeffector junctions.
acetylcholine (ACh)
Which structure is a thin, semitransparent connective tissue sheet that separates the external ear from the middle ear?
tympanic membrane
Vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the ________.
medulla oblongata
Which structure connects the third ventricle with the fourth ventricle?
cerebral aqueduct
The primary auditory cortex is located in the ________.
temporal lobe
A shallow groove on the surface of the cortex is called a ________.
sulcus
The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges?
arachnoid and pia mater
The brain stem consists of the ________.
midbrain, medulla, pons
The epithelium covering the inner surface of the eyelids and the outer surface of the eye is called the ________.
conjuctiva
The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the ________.
lateral sulcus
The central sulcus separates which lobes?
frontal lobe + parietal lobe
Preganglionic neurons in the sympathetic (thoracolumbar) division of the ANS are located in the ________ of spinal segments T1- L2.
lateral gray horns
Which fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres?
longitudinal fissure
Gustatory information from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is carried to the gustatory cortex of the cerebrum via which cranial nerve?
facial nerve
Receptors for hearing are located in the ________.
cochlea
The “resting and digesting” division of the autonomic nervous system is the ________.
parasympathetic division
The ________ includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus.
diencephalon
The sympathetic division of the ANS has ________.
A. long postganglionic axons.
B. norepinephrine as a transmitter substance.
C. preganglionic neuron cell bodies in the T1-L2 regions of the spinal cord.
Which of the following is a dural septum, described as a large sickle- shaped fold that dips into the longitudinal fissure between the cerebral hemispheres?
falx cerebri
What connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?
infundibulum
Which of the following structures is not part of the external ear?
pharyngotympanic tube
The conjunctiva that lines the internal surface of the eyelids is termed the ________ conjunctiva.
palpebral conjunctiva
Preparing the body for the “fight- or- flight” response is the role of the ________.
sympathetic nervous system
Which neurotransmitter is released by sympathetic preganglionic axons at their synapses with ganglionic neurons?
acetylcholine
Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called ________.
gyri
The ventral portion of the ________ develops into the pons, and the dorsal portion becomes the cerebellum.
metencephalon
When the diaphragm contracts, the size of the thoracic cavity ________, the pressure inside the thoracic cavity ________, and air flows ________ the lungs.
increases; drops; into
Which cells produce surfactant?
alveolar type-II (AT-II) cells of the lungs.
Erythropoietin is produced in the
kidneys
liver
Fluid that reduces surface tension of the alveolar walls.
surfactant
Cells that manufacture and secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone are located in the
pars distalis.
The part of the brain that generates the basic respiratory rhythm is the
medulla oblongata
Cells that manufacture and secrete aldosterone are located in the
zona glomerulosa
The serous membrane lining of the wall of the thoracic cavity.
parietal pleura
Target organs for the hormone oxytocin include the uterus and the
mammary glands
Cells that manufacture and secrete ACTH are located in the
pituitary gland.
The ________ flaps over the glottis when we swallow food.
epiglottis
The beta type of endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets secretes a hormone that
Lowers blood sugar levels
Which endocrine gland stores enough of its hormone extracellularly to last several months?
the thyroid
Cells that manufacture and secrete androgens are located in the
zona reticularis
Which of the following hormones is secreted by the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland?
melanocyte stimulating hormone(MSH)
Gland of the epithalamus.
pineal gland
Pancreatic cell type that produces insulin.
Beta cells (B cells)
Endocrine gland of the thorax that is also important in immune function.
thymus gland
Alveolar cells that allow rapid diffusion of respiratory gases.
Type 1
Which of the following endocrine glands is capable of storing its hormones extracellularly and then slowly releasing them?
Thyroid gland
The action of the parathyroid hormone is counteracted by
calcitonin
The target of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is
The ovaries
The anatomical stalk of the pituitary is also known as
infundibulum.
Pancreatic cell type that produces glucagon.
Alpha cells (A cells)
The passageway between the nasopharynx and the middle ear is the
eustachian tube
Which of the following hormones is secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary?
ADH
Leukocyte primarily responsible for destroying bacteria.
neutrophil
________ is a condition in which there is an abnormally low concentration of platelets in the blood.
Thrombocytopenia
The heart chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.
left atrium
The largest lymphoid organ.
spleen
Contraction of these structures tightens the chordae tendineae, preventing valve prolapse.
papillary muscles
The most common formed elements in the blood are
red blood cells
The epicardium is the same as the
visceral layer of serous pericardium
The abdominal aorta divides at its distal end into which arteries?
the common iliac arteries
Most abundant formed element.
erythrocytes.
What vessel in the fetus connects the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch so that most of the blood bypasses the immature lungs?
ductus arteriosus
The inner endothelial layer that lines the heart is the
endocardium
The plasma’s globulins include
both anti bodies and the blood proteins that transport lipids, iron and copper.
Oxygen-poor blood returns to the heart and enters the
right atrium of the heart
If examination of the blood reveals a large number of immature leukocytes, the individual is probably suffering from
leukemia
A drop of blood returning to the heart from the head region would enter the heart through which vessel?
the superior vena cava
During ventricular systole, blood is
ejected from the ventricles through the large arteries connected to the heart
The tonsil located on the posterior surface of the tongue is the ________ tonsil.
lingual
________ is a condition in which the blood’s capacity for carrying oxygen is diminished.
Anemia
Percentage of blood comprised by erythrocytes.
hematocrit
Threadlike structures of the endocardium that prevent prolapse of the atrioventricular valves.
chordae tendineae
Which of the following structures is not found in the left ventricle?
the pectinate muscles
Which of the following cells lack mitochondria?
erythrocytes
The valve responsible for preventing backflow of blood from the lungs into the heart.
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Which of the following vessels does not carry oxygen-poor blood to the heart?
the pulmonary vein
Seen in abundance during parasitic infection.
eosinophil
Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the
left atrium
The tricuspid valve is closed
when the ventricle is in systole
________ is a condition in which there is an abnormal excess of erythrocytes in the blood.
Polycythemia
The heart chamber that pumps oxygenated blood around the systemic circuit is the
left ventricle
The formed element that is flattened, circular, lacks a nucleus, lacks mitochondria or ribosomes, and is red because of the presence of hemoglobin is
an erythrocyte
Uterine Wall (deep to superficial)
Endometrium: simple columnar epith., functional layer, basal layer
Myometrium: longitudinal, circular (most), longitudinal
Perimetrium: serosa (only anterior + posterior)
Areola
region around nipple; sebaceous glands beneath
Primary reproduction organs
male + female
Testes, Ovaries
Avg. Length of Menstrual Cycle
21-35 days
lasts 1-7 days
Androgen
produces testosterone which 1. stimulates sperm production maturity
- secondary sex characteristics
- stim growth/metabolism
- sex behavior/drive
LH
stim testes to produce testosterone;
stim ovulation
Uterine Ligaments
posterior-anterior
Uterosacral Lig.
Cardinal (broad ligament
Round (around the bladder)
testosterone is produced in the
interstitial cells
