Chapter 22 Flashcards
Which of the following correctly summarizes the histological organization of blood vessels’ walls?
The wall is composed of an outer layer of fibrous connective tissue, a middle layer with sheets of smooth muscle and an elastic framework, and a thin, smooth epithelial inner layer bound to areolar tissue.
Which of the following is a correct comparison between the walls of arteries and veins?
Arteries have more smooth muscle and elastic fibers than veins have.
Which of the following is best adapted to dealing with pulses of high blood pressure?
elastic arteries
Collagen fibers in the tunica adventitia __________.
strengthen the blood vessel wall to help prevent it from being damaged
Which of the following statements about capillaries is FALSE? -Capillaries are a little larger than the diameter of a single red blood cell. -Water moves across capillary beds by the process of osmosis. -Capillaries have thin walls, meaning that gas diffusion distances are short. -Both fenestrated capillaries and sinusoids lack the outer basal lamina of the capillary wall.
FALSE: Both fenestrated capillaries and sinusoids lack the outer basal lamina of the capillary wall.
Moving from the aorta to the capillaries, __________.
the diameter of the vessels decreases, whereas the number of vessels increases
What is the function of the valves within the veins?
to prevent the backflow of blood away from the heart
Most of the blood in the body at any given moment is found in the __________.
venules and medium-sized veins
When Jan traces the aorta from the heart into the groin area, she finds that it is given multiple names. Why is this?
It allows for accurate descriptions of the location of the vessel at any given point.
The pulmonary veins carry __________.
oxygenated blood to the heart
The lateral vessel in the forearm is the _____ artery, and the lateral vessel in the leg is the ____ artery.
radial, fibular
The three branches off of the aortic arch are the __________.
brachiocephalic, left common carotid, and left subclavian.
Which of the following correctly lists blood flow from the heart to the leg?
abdominal aorta, right external iliac, femoral, and popliteal
The valve found between the right atrium and right ventricle is the __________ valve.
tricuspid
Which of the following statements is true of heart anatomy? -The pulmonary trunk divides into three pulmonary veins. -There are four vessels arising from the aortic arch. -The chordae tendineae attach to the semilunar valves. -The left ventricle has the thickest myocardium of all of the chambers.
The left ventricle has the thickest myocardium of all of the chambers.
Which of the following vessels join to form the basilar artery?
vertebral arteries
The cerebral arterial circle, also known as the circle of Willis, is formed by which of the following arteries?
anterior communicating, anterior cerebral, posterior communicating, and posterior cerebral
All of the following are branches off the basilar artery EXCEPT the __________.
posterior inferior cerebellar
The renal, superior mesenteric, and gonadal arteries are all branches that diverge from the __________.
abdominal aorta
The hepatic portal vein __________.
receives blood from the digestive organs
Which of the following is NOT a vein found in the arm? basilic brachial radial cephalic
radial
Typically blood is drawn from the __________ vein, a vessel found in the anterior elbow.
median cubital
Which of the following vessels drain directly into the superior vena cava?
brachiocephalic veins
All of the following are true of the great saphenous vein EXCEPT __________. -it runs through the medial side of the thigh -it drains directly into the external iliac vein -it is the longest vein in the body -it passes posteriorly to the medial epicondyle of the femur
it drains directly into the external iliac vein
In comparison to a full-term baby that has not yet been born, a newborn __________.
has greater rhythmic pressure changes in the lungs
When an infant draws its first breath, the separation of the pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit occurs through the closing of the __________.
ductus arteriosus
When Gertie, a 75-year-old woman, visits her cardiologist, which of the following statements is she NOT likely to hear?
“My dear, you’ve got a greater risk now for developing blood clots in your legs, which could break loose and cause a stroke in your brain.”
The hepatic portal vein __________.
brings venous blood containing absorbed nutrients to the liver
Which of the following veins combine to form the hepatic portal vein?
splenic and superior mesenteric
Blood coming from the small intestines travels in the __________.
superior mesenteric vein
