Skeletal system

Question 1

What makes up bones?

Answer 1

Calcium, collagen, and cells

Question 2

How many bones are in the human body

Answer 2

206

Question 3

Osteocytes

Answer 3

Star shaped cells that maintain bone, sense physical stress

Question 4

Osteoblasts

Answer 4

Synthesize bone in groups by making a collagen matrix that extreacellular hydroxyapatite Ca3(PO4) binds to

Question 5

Osteoclasts

Answer 5

Break down bone Ca+ through mineral reabsorption

Question 6

Collagen

Answer 6

Protein that gives bone flexability

Question 7

Brittle bone disease (osteogenesis imperfecta)

Answer 7

Genetically based corruption of bone’s collagen matrix

Question 8

Periosteum

Answer 8

Outside structure of a bone that ligaments and tendons attatch

Question 9

Describe compact (dense) bone

Answer 9

Made of osteons- a group of lamellae ( collagen matrix in concentric circles). In-between lamellae are lacunae where osteocytes reside.Lacunae communicate through tunnels called canaliculi. In the center is the central Haversian canal for blood vessels and nerves. Those nerves connect from one osteon to another by oblique Volkmann’s cannals.

Question 10

Describe spongy bone

Answer 10

Found in the middle of bones, lighter, very few osteons, where bone marrow is

Question 11

What is the difference between red and yellow bone marow

Answer 11

Red marrow is where RBCs are made and plays a role in the immune system. Yellow marrow is found in the adult body’s long bones i.e. femur.

Question 12

Tendons

Answer 12

Connect bones to muscles

Question 13

Ligaments

Answer 13

Connect bone to bone

Question 14

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 14

Keeps bones from grinding on each other and provides smooth movement

Question 15

Hinge joint

Answer 15

Allows flexion along one plane

Question 16

Ball and socket joints

Answer 16

Allow for abduction, adduction, circumduction, and rotation

Question 17

Gliding joints (plane joint)

Answer 17

Allow for bones to glide past each other on the same plane

Question 18

Short bones

Answer 18

Same width as length

Question 19

Flat bones

Answer 19

i.e. skull, fuse together at end sites called sutures

Question 20

Irregular bones

Answer 20

Bones that don’t fir in the 3 bone categories - vertebrae

Question 21

Osteo vs rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 21

Osteo is physical wear, rheumatoid is autoimmune and progressive

Question 22

Epiphyseal plate (growth plate)

Answer 22

Newly generated cartilage is turned into bone. Epiphyseal line indicates ceasation of growth

Question 23

Achondroplastic dwarfism

Answer 23

When epiphyseal plate stops growing prematurely

Question 24

Axial skelaton

Answer 24

Trunk: skull, ribs, sternum, and spinal column including sacrum

Question 25

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 25

Appendages- arms, legs, hands, feet

Question 26

Name the sinus bones

Answer 26

Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary

Question 27

What is the only bone not connected to the skeleton?

Answer 27

Hyoid- connects the tongue with the larynx

Question 28

Which C spine allows for “yes”?

Answer 28

C1 (atlas)

Question 29

Which C spine allows “no”

Answer 29

C2 (axis)

Question 30

How many C spine are there?

Answer 30

7

Question 31

How many T spine are there?

Answer 31

12

Question 32

How many L spine are there?

Answer 32

5

Question 33

How many sacral ones are tehre?

Answer 33

5, fused together at adulthood

Question 34

What is the pectoral girdle?

Answer 34

Right and left scapula and clavicles

Question 35

Name the arm bones beginning medial to distal

Answer 35

Humerus, radius, ulna, carples (wrist), metacarples, phalanges

Question 36

Name the leg bones beginning medial to distal

Answer 36

femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

Question 37

What is the pelvic girdle?

Answer 37

Hip bones