Chromosomes, genes, DNA

Question 1

Phosphodiester bond

Answer 1

A covalent bond that links two nucleotides together in a a nucleic acid molecule

Question 2

What are the 4 bases that make up DNA nucleotides?

Answer 2

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C)

Question 3

WHat is the backbone of DNA made of?

Answer 3

Alternating deoxyribose sugar and phosphates groups

Question 4

How are the bases (steps on the DNA ladder) bonded together

Answer 4

With hydrogen bonds

Question 5

What does A, T, G, and C bond with?

Answer 5

A to T only, and G to C only

Question 6

How is information stored in DNA?

Answer 6

The sequence of the bases on the DNA helix encodes the information

Question 7

Genome

Answer 7

the complete genetic information of a cell Genome>chromosome>DNA>genes

Question 8

Chromosome

Answer 8

a structure of one protein and one molecule of DNA

Question 9

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have in each nucleus?

Answer 9

23 pairs or 46 chromosomes

Question 10

How do chromosomes fit into a nucleus?

Answer 10

The protein twists DNA into incredibly tight bundles. Without it each DNA strand would be 2 inches long!

Question 11

Eukaryocyte

Answer 11

Organisms that have a nucleus inside each cell

Question 12

What does DNA hold instructions to?

Answer 12

Proteins and RNA

Question 13

Codons

Answer 13

Triplets of nucleotides that code for amino acids- the building blocks for genes- 64 types that correlate with a specific amino acid

Question 14

Genetic code

Answer 14

A set of 64 condons that specify the order of 20 amino acids

Question 15

How does DNA make protein?

Answer 15

DNA makes RNA makes Protein

Question 16

Complementary strand

Answer 16

A molecule of RNA (or strand of DNA) synthesized from a complementary template strand. The T is replaced by U- bonds with A

Question 17

How is RNA made from DNA?

Answer 17

The double strand unwinds and separates, proteins use it as a template

Question 18

What makes RNA different

Answer 18

It uses uracil (U) instead of thymine (T)

Question 19

How is protein made from RNA?

Answer 19

Messenger RNA binds to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. The ribosome binds mRNA to tRNA

Question 20

Chromatid

Answer 20

One of the two duplicates of a chromosome formed during the CELL CYCLE . 2 chromatids= sister chromatids