Biological Micromolecules Flashcards

1
Q

Macromolecules

A

Large number of atoms bonded together. Serve as sensors, transporters, regulators, builders, information warehouses, energy storehouses, and structural components of cells and bodies. Function depends on its shape.

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2
Q

How much of the body is made of macromolecules?

A

25%

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3
Q

What are the 3 classes of monomer maromolecules?

A

ploysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids

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4
Q

T or F: every macromolecule is a polymer - a substance compesed of similar units bonded together

A

True!

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5
Q

Monomers

A

Repeating unit of a polymer Molecules that bond to similar or identical molecules

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6
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Carbohydrate polymers made of many sugar molecules held by coalent bonds

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7
Q

Proteins

A

Molecules composed of amino acids joined by peptide bonds ( type of covalent bond)

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8
Q

Nucleic acids

A

Long molecules made of nucleotides (DNA and RNA)

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9
Q

Covalent bond

A

Chemical bond that shares electron pairs between atoms

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10
Q

How are covalent bonds formed?

A

Requires energy input, usually b y removal of phosphate from APT or similar high energy molecule. Sometimes drives out a water molecule

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11
Q

Dehydration reaction/condensation reaction

A

When a water molecule is pushed out to form a covalent bond, polymers are built by this

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12
Q

What type of bond makes the shape, structure, and function of a macromolecule?

A

Noncovalent

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13
Q

Hydrolosis reaction

A

Lysing of covalent bonds by bonding water to break down a polymer into a monomer i.e. gycogen to glucose

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14
Q

How many types of amino acids are there?

A

20

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15
Q

Protein subunit

A

A folded chain of proteins that don’t function until it is bonded with other subunits i.e. hemoglobin is made of 4 separate subunits

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16
Q

Enzyme

A

A protein that reduces the activation energy of a chemical reation

17
Q

Name some examples of protein cells in the body

A

Hemoglobin, ion channels, tendons, antibodies

18
Q

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

A

Essential for converting information stored in DNA into proteins

19
Q

Are lipids polymers?

A

No, they are not because they cannot be formed by a covalent bond, they are hydrophobic

20
Q

Lipids

A

Phospholipids, triglycerides, steroids -cholesterol, testosterone, estrogen

21
Q

Whats the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acid molecules?

A

Saturated are made of single bonded carbon atoms. Unsaturated have a double bond between 2 carbon atoms causing a kink