Biological Micromolecules Flashcards
Macromolecules
Large number of atoms bonded together. Serve as sensors, transporters, regulators, builders, information warehouses, energy storehouses, and structural components of cells and bodies. Function depends on its shape.
How much of the body is made of macromolecules?
25%
What are the 3 classes of monomer maromolecules?
ploysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids
T or F: every macromolecule is a polymer - a substance compesed of similar units bonded together
True!
Monomers
Repeating unit of a polymer Molecules that bond to similar or identical molecules
Polysaccharides
Carbohydrate polymers made of many sugar molecules held by coalent bonds
Proteins
Molecules composed of amino acids joined by peptide bonds ( type of covalent bond)
Nucleic acids
Long molecules made of nucleotides (DNA and RNA)
Covalent bond
Chemical bond that shares electron pairs between atoms
How are covalent bonds formed?
Requires energy input, usually b y removal of phosphate from APT or similar high energy molecule. Sometimes drives out a water molecule
Dehydration reaction/condensation reaction
When a water molecule is pushed out to form a covalent bond, polymers are built by this
What type of bond makes the shape, structure, and function of a macromolecule?
Noncovalent
Hydrolosis reaction
Lysing of covalent bonds by bonding water to break down a polymer into a monomer i.e. gycogen to glucose
How many types of amino acids are there?
20
Protein subunit
A folded chain of proteins that don’t function until it is bonded with other subunits i.e. hemoglobin is made of 4 separate subunits