Genitourinary system Flashcards
Filtrate
Fluid that leaves the walls of the glomerular capillaries to enter the Bowman’s capsule
What are the two major divisions of the kidney?
Renal cortex (outer) and renal medulla (inner)
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Nephrons
What are the parts of the nephron?
Glomerulus, bowman’s capsule, proximal tubule, loop of henle, distal tubule, collecting tubule
What parts of the nephron is in the renal medulla?
Loop of henle, renal pelvis, collecting duct
How much can the bladder hold?
400-800ml
What is a glomerulus?
A network of capillaries where BP pushes water, salt, glucose, amino acids, and urea from blood
What is the bowman’s capsule?
The bulb that surrounds the glomerulus and collects filtrate
What is the proximal tubule?
The turning tube that drips filtrate into the loop of Henle. Where glucose and other solutes are reabsorbed
What is the loop of Henle?
The U turn tube that goes back up to the distal tubule, also reabsorbs solutes
What the distal tubule?
The turning tubule that drips filtrate to the collecting tubule, reabsorbs water
How much water returns to blood plasma?
More than 80%
Where does the filtrate concentrate into urine?
The collecting duct in the medula
What does he collecting tubule dump into?
Renal pelvis; the center of the kidney
What does the renal pelvis dump into?
The ureter
What is the ureter?
The collecting duct that brings urine to the bladder
What are the 3 main functions of the kidneys?
- Filter metabolic waste from the blood 2. regulate electrolyte and fluid balance in blood 3. Regulated blood volume and blood pressure with renin/angiotensin II
T or F? Blood pressure in the glomerulus remains the same regardless of systemic BP.
True
How do the kidneys regulate fluid reabsorption?
By returning Na ions to the blood. Then chloride ioins and water follow. “salt sucks”
What is the renin, angiotensin, aldosterone system?
BP drop detected in aorta and cartoid arteries, Angiotensinogin released by liver, Enzyme renin released by kidneys, Angiotensinogen + renin= angiotensin I. The lungs + kidney produce ACE. Ace + angiotensin I = Angiotensin II, Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction, thirst, and production of aldosterone from the adrenal gland (stimulates uptake of Na+ ions) and ADH from the pituitary
