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ATI TEAS > Life and Physical Sciences > Flashcards

Life and Physical Sciences Flashcards

1
Q

carbohydrates

A

sugars and starches, which the body breaks down into glucose.

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2
Q

lipids

A

fatty acids and their derivatives that are insoluble in water.

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3
Q

macromolecules

A

a molecule that contains a large number of atoms.

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4
Q

monomers

A

molecules that can bond to similar or identical molecules to form a polymer.

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5
Q

nucleic acid

A

long molecules made of nucleotides; DNA and RNA.

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6
Q

polymer

A

a substance composed of similar units bonded together

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7
Q

proteins

A

molecules composed of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.

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8
Q

chromatid

A

one of the tow duplicates of a chromosome formed during the cell cycle.

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9
Q

chromosome

A

a structure made of protein and one molecule of DNA

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10
Q

deoxyribose sugar

A

the sugar portion of a deoxyribose nucleotide.

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11
Q

DNA

A

the material that contains genetic information.

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12
Q

gene

A

a string of DNA that is the basic unit of heredity.

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13
Q

hydrogen bond

A

a type of non covalent bond; a weak attraction between a hydrogen atom bound to an electronegative atom and a second highly electronegative atom.

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14
Q

nucleotide

A

the building block of DNA and RNA.

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15
Q

nucleus

A

a large organelle within a cell that houses the chromosomes.

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16
Q

phosphate group

A

a phosphorous atom bound to 4 oxygen atoms.

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17
Q

dihybrid cross

A

a cross between parents heterozygous at two specific genes.

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18
Q

dominant

A

refers to the most powerful trait or the allele for that trait.

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19
Q

genotype

A

the genetic makeup of an individual

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20
Q

inheritance

A

transmission of characteristics to offspring.

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21
Q

Mendelian Inheritance

A

Inheritance of traits that follow Gregor mendel’s two laws and the principle of dominance.

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22
Q

monohybrid cross

A

a cross between parents heterozygous at one specific gene.

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23
Q

non-mendelian inheritance

A

inheritance of traits that do not follow mendelian patterns of inheritance.

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24
Q

phenotype

A

physical appearance of a trait formed by genetics and environment.

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25
Q

recessive

A

refers to traits that are masked if dominant alleles are also present; also refers to the allele for that trait.

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26
Q

anion

A

a negatively charged ion.

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27
Q

atom

A

the most basic complete unit of an element.

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28
Q

cation

A

a positively charged ion.

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29
Q

covalent bond

A

a chemical bond in which electron pairs are shared between atoms.

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30
Q

electron

A

a negatively charged atomic particle.

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31
Q

group

A

a column of elements in the periodic table.

32
Q

ion

A

a positively or negatively charged atom or molecule.

33
Q

ionic bond

A

the bond between two oppositely charged ions.

34
Q

neutron

A

a atom particle with no electric charge.

35
Q

orbital

A

an area around the nucleus where an electron can be found.

36
Q

period

A

one of the seven horizontal rows in the periodic tables

37
Q

periodic table

A

the table of elements expressed as columns and rows

38
Q

proton

A

a positively charged atomic particle.

39
Q

valence electron

A

an electron in an outer orbital that can form bonds with other atoms.

40
Q

boiling point

A

the temperature at which a liquid boils and turns into vapor.

41
Q

chemical properties

A

characteristics of a material that present during a chemical reaction or chemical change.

42
Q

density

A

the amount of mass per volume.

43
Q

diffusion

A

the passive movement of substances from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

44
Q

extensive properties

A

properties that depend on the size of the sample of a substance.

45
Q

intensive properties

A

properties that do not depend on the size of the sample of a substance.

46
Q

malleability

A

the ability of a metal to be shaped.

47
Q

melting point

A

the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid.

48
Q

nonpolar

A

a type of covalent bond in which atoms share electrons at equal distances from their atomic nuclei.

49
Q

osmosis

A

passage of fluid through a membrane.

50
Q

physical properties

A

observable properties of matter.

51
Q

polar

A

a type of covalent bond in which two atoms share electrons that are not at equal distances from their atomic nuclei.

52
Q

specific heat capacity

A

the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree celsius.

53
Q

boiling

A

the transition of liquid to gas when a substance has acquired enough thermal energy.

54
Q

condensation

A

the transition of a gas to a liquid.

55
Q

critical point

A

the temperature at which the liquid and gas phases of a substance have the same density.

56
Q

deposition

A

the transition of a substance from gas to solid without passing through the liquid state.

57
Q

evaporation

A

the transition of liquid to gas that happens with or without the substance acquiring enough thermal energy to reach its boiling point.

58
Q

freezing

A

the transition of a liquid to a solid.

59
Q

gas

A

a state of matter that does not have a definite volume or shape and is highly compressible.

60
Q

liquid

A

a state of matter that has definite volume but not definite shape.

61
Q

melting

A

the transition of a solid to a liquid.

62
Q

phase diagram

A

a graph of physical states of a substance under varying states of a substance under varying temperature and pressure.

63
Q

solid

A

a state of matter that retains its shape and density when not contained.

64
Q

sublimation

A

the transition of a substance from solid to gas without passing through the liquid state

65
Q

triple point

A

the temperature and pressure at which solid, liquid, and vapor phases of a pure substance coexist.

66
Q

acid

A

a substance with a pH less than 7.

67
Q

base

A

a substance with a pH greater than 7.

68
Q

catalyst

A

a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without undergoing permanent chemical change.

69
Q

chemical equation

A

mathematic representation of a chemical reaction.

70
Q

compound

A

a substance made of two or more elements.

71
Q

element

A

pure substances that cannot be broken into simpler substances.

72
Q

enzyme

A

a substance produced by a living thing that acts as a catalyst.

73
Q

metal

A

a substance that is a good conductor of electricity and heat, forms cations by loss of electrons, and yield basic oxides and hydroxides.

74
Q

nonmetal

A

any element or substance that is not a metal.

75
Q

organic molecule

A

a molecule found in a living thing that contains carbon

76
Q

pH

A

the measure of acidity or alkalinity

77
Q

salt

A

a chemical compound formed from the reaction of an acid with a base, with at least part of the hydrogen of the acid replaced by a cation.

ATI TEAS (31 decks)

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