Mendelian Genetics (Laws of heredity) Flashcards

1
Q

Phenotype

A

Physical appearance of a trait formed by genetics on environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Parental generation (P)

A

The purebred line without crossbreeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Filial generation (Fn)

A

A generation from the parental generation. The number noted how many generations away from the parents a specimen is i.e. F2 is 2 generations away (the parent generation is the grandparent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What ratio do dominant and recessive phenotypes present in F2 generations?

A

3:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Allele

A

A variant of a gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Homozygous

A

The state of carrying a pair of identical alleles of a gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Heterozygous

A

The state of carrying a pair of different alleles of a gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Punnett Square

A

Used to predict the probability of a phenome in offstring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mendel’s FIRST Law of Inheritance: the law of equal segregation

A

The equal distribution of alleles among gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Monohybrid cross

A

Looks at how a single trait is inherited when 2 heterozygotes mate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dihybrid cross

A

Looks at how 2 genes fro single trait are inherited when 2 heterozygotes mate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mendel’s SECOND Law of Inheritance: the law of independant assortment

A

When 2 or more characteristics are inherited, individual hereditary factors assort independently during gamete production giving different traits an equal opportunity of coming together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Incomplete dominence

A

A heterozygote displays a phenotype that is blended with the two homozygous parent’s traits. white + red = pink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Codominance

A

A heterozygote displays a phenotype that shows both the homozygous parent’s traits. white + red = red + white spots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Epistasis

A

When a “modifier” gene influences the outcome of a different independent gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In a dihybrid cross, how often does the dominant phenotype appear?

A

9/16 times

17
Q

What are the blood type alleles and what shows codominance?

A

A, B, and O (i). AB shows codominance

18
Q

What is the dihybrid F2 ratio?

A

9:3:3:1

19
Q

What is the ratio for single F2 gene?

A

3:1