Skeletal System Flashcards
Parts of Skeletal System
All bones and their cartilage
Ligaments and tendons
Function
Support Protection Assistance in moving Mineral homeostasis Blood cell production Triglyceride storage
Function of support
Provides a structural framework for soft tissues of the body
Function of protection
The skeleton protects internal organs
Function of assistance in moving
Most skeletal muscles attaches to bones
Contraction of muscles move bones
Function of mineral homeostatsis
Osseous tissue stores several minerals e.g calcium and phosphorous
Bones can release minerals to maintain homeostatic levels
Function of blood cell production
Blood cells are produce by red bone marrow
Red bone marrow is found in certain bones e.g pelvic, ribs, ends of arms
Function of triglyceride stroage
Yellow bone marrow consists mainly of adipocytes that store triglycerides
Bone tissue
A unique form of hard connective tissue
Matrix material contains collagen fibres and mineral salt crystals
Main mineral salt crystal in bone tissue
Calcium phosphate in the chemical arrangement known as calcium hydroxyapatite
Structures of bone tissue
Compact (Cortical)
Spongy (Cancellous)
Epiphysis
End of bone
Diaphysis
Bone shaft
Shapes of bones and example
Long e.g humerus Short e.g carpal Flat e.g sternum Irregular e.g vertebra Sesamoid e.g patella and thumb Sutural
Articular cartilage
Thin layer of cartilage that covers the surface of the epiphysis that articulates with other bones
Metaphysis
Between diaphysis and epiphysis
Contains the epiphyseal growth plate in growing bones
Medullary Cavity
A hollow cylindrical space within the middle of the diaphysis
Contains yellow bone marrow in adults
Endostenum
A thin connective tissue layer that lines the surface of the medullary cavity
Periosteum
A connective tissue layer attached to the outside of the bone
Features of Long bones
Articular cartilage Metaphysis Endosteum Medullary cavity Periosteum
Features of short bones
Internal table - compact bone
Diploe - spongy bone
External table - compact bone
Periosteum
Internal table of short bone
Compact bone
Diploe of short bone
Spongy bone
External table of short bone
Compact bone
Sutural bones
Small, flat, irregularly shaped bones
Found between the flat bones of the skull
Vary in number, shape, size, and position
Blood supply to bones
Bone contains extensive network of blood vessels
The vessels overlap and if one is damaged, the bone will not die because it receives blood from another vessel
