Energy Flashcards
Energy
Capacity for doing work or causing change
Forms of Energy (+ subforms)
Potential including chemical, nuclear and electrical
Kinetic including mechanic and thermal
Law of conservation of energy
Energy can not be created or destroyed. It can only change form
Potential energy
Energy stored by matter due to its position
Kinetic energy
Energy associated with matter in motion
Chemical energy
A form of potential energy that is stored in chemical bonds, its converted to kinetic energy in the body
Exothermic reactions
Chemical reactions that result in the net release of energy
Endothermic reactions
Require input of energy to proceed (results in net absorption of energy)
Collision theory
For reactions to occur, molecules need to collide with each other with enough energy to break and/or form chemical bonds and they also need to be in the right orientation
What does rate of successful collisions/rate of reaction depend upon? (collision theory)
Energy - more energy = greater chance that bonds will break or form = faster reaction
Concentration - Higher concentration = more collisions = faster reaction
Types of reactions
Synthesis
Decomposition
Exchange
Reversible
Synthesis reaction
Two of more atoms/molecules are bonded together to form a more complex molecule
Decomposition
A larger molecule is broken apart into simpler substances
Exchange
When one atom/functional group replaces another in a compound (both synthesis and decomposition)
Reversible
A reaction that can proceed in both direction
Metabolism
The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life. Includes breakdown and assembly of molecules as well as reaction energy output or input
Catabolism
Breakdown of molecules to produce energy or small subunits that can be subsequently reassembled into larger molecules by anabolism
Anabolism
The synthesis of complex molecules and energy storage compounds in living organisms from simpler molecules
Energy form in the body
Adenosine-tri-phosphate ATP
Activation energy
The energy required to initiate a chemical reaction
Catalysts
A chemical substance that acts to lower the activation energy required for certain chemical reactions (not used in reaction)
Enzymes
A protein that acts as a catalyst
How do enzymes work?
Enzymes attract reactants, binding them in the right orientation, working on them to produce the products then releasing the products
