Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BMS 191 > Microbes > Flashcards

Microbes Flashcards

1
Q

Microbes

A

Living organisms and nonliving entities, microscopic size, ubiquitous (found everywhere)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Roles of Microbes

A

Affect human health e.g more microbes live in out body than there are cells
Essential for life on this planet e.g produce oxygen via photosynthesis
Decomposition of dead organisms and their waste products (Saprophytes)
Antibiotic production (natural)
Food production e.g yoghurt
Genetic engineering e.g compounds like insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Categories of microbes

A

Acellular

Cellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Types of cellular microbes

A

Prokaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Types of acellular microbes

A

Viruses

Prions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Types of prokayotes

A

Bacteria

Archea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Types of Eukaryotes

A

Fungi
Yeast
Protozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pathogens and percentage of organisms that are pathogens

A

Disease causing micro-organisms

3% of microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Non pathogens

A

Microbes that do not cause disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Opportunistic pathogens

A

Microbes that usually harmless but can cause disease if they colonise the wrong part of the body or when we are vulnerable to infection e.g Candida Albicans (thrush)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Infectious disease

A

Disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms (e.g bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi)
Spread directly or indirectly from one person to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Acellular microbes

A

Microbes that need to invade other cells to replicate or perform physiological functions
(energy generation or protein synthesis)
Not considered to be alive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Virus

A

Made of a genome of either DNA or RNA and a protein coat called a capsid made of proteins called capsomeres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Properties of Viruses

A

Can not replicate on their own (need host cell)
Have either DNA or RNA not both
Do not divide by binary fission, mitosis or meiosis
Can not produce their own energy
Can not produce their own proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Classifying Viruses

A 
Type of genetic material
Shape of capsid
Number of Capsomeres
Presence or absence of an envelope
Type of host it infects
Types of disease it produces
Its target cell
Its antigenic properties
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bacteriophages

A

Viruses that infect bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Animal Viruses

A

Viruses taht infect animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Viroids

A

Infectious particles that consist of short pieces of RNA that interfere with the function of plant cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Prions

A

Infectious particles that consists of small proteins that can cause neurological conditions in humans and animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Prokaryotes features

A

Free floating DNA in cytoplasm
Have a complex cell wall consisting of peptidoglycan
No internal membranes
Ribosomes smaller and less dense then eukaryotic cells
Single celled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Components of Prokaryotes

A 
Plasma membrane
Chromosome
Plasmid
Cytoplasm
Cell wall
22
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Encloses all the contents of the cell

Composed of phospholipids and proteins

23
Q

Chromosomes

A

Single, long, circular DNA molecule
Highly coiled around itself
In cell nucleus

24
Q

Plasmid

A

Small circular pieces of DNA that are not part of the main chromosome
Can have none, one or many plasmids
Exchange of plasmids from one bacterium to another can result in development of multi-drug resistant strains of bacteria

25
Q

Cytoplasm

A

A semi liquid substance that contains water ,salts, enzymes, nutrients, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids

26
Q

Cell wall

A

Rigid structure on the outside of the plasma membrane
Provides rigidity, strength and protection for the cell
Major component is a complex molecule (peptidoglycan) which is only found in bacteria

27
Q

Gram positive bacteria

A

Think layer of peptidoglycan on the outside of the surface of the cell wall

28
Q

Gram negative bacteria

A

Have a thinner layer of peptidoglycan but it is sandwiched between layers of other complex molecules

29
Q

Glycocalyx

A

Layer of slimy, gelatinous material excreted on the outside of the cell wall

30
Q

Types of glycocalyx in bacteria

A

Capsules

Slime layer

31
Q

Capsule

A

A highly organised layer, firmly attached to the outside of the cell wall
Helps prevent bacteria from being phagocytised by the cells of you immune system (live longer)

32
Q

Slime layer

A

A not highly organised layer and it is not firmly attached t the cell wall
Helps bacteria move along surfaces

33
Q

External structures of bacteria

A

Glycocalyx
Flagella
Fimbriae (pili)

34
Q

Flagella

A

Threadlike appendages that function to move bacteria around

Possess flagella = motile

35
Q

Fimbriae (pili)

A

Hair like structures that are observed on the outside surface of bacteria

36
Q

Roles of different types of Fimbriae (pili)

A

Allow attachment of bacteria to surfaces

Allows transfer of genetic material

37
Q

Endospores

A

Thick walled structures that contain a copy of the chromosomes and some of the cytoplasm
Allows bacteria to survive in adverse conditions
When endospores land in a suitable environment it germinates to produces new bacteria

38
Q

Binary Fission

A

Prokaryotic cells way of reproducing whereby a parent cell splits into 2 halves producing 2 new cells

39
Q

Features of Eukaryotes

A

DNA contained in Nucleus
Eukaryotes of animals do not possess a cell wall
Eukaryotes of plants have simple cell wall consisting of cellulose
Have organelles
Ribosomes are larger and denser than prokaryotes
Single celled of multicellular

40
Q

Types of Eukaryotes

A

Fungi - Yeasts, moulds and mushrooms
Algae
Kingdom protista (protozoa, lichens, slime mounds)

41
Q

Fungi and two subgroups of fungi

A

Includes yeasts, mould and mushrooms
Found almost everywhere
Saprophytic fungi - Lives on organic matter in water and soil
Parasitic fungi - lives on/in animals and plants

42
Q

Algae

A

Photosynthetic

Range in size from small, unicellular microscopic organisms through to large multicellular organisms

43
Q

Kingdom protista eukaryotes

A

Protozoa
Lichens
Slime moulds

44
Q

Protozoa

A

Most are unicellular
Found in soil and water
More like animal cells than plant cells

45
Q

Life cycle of protozoa

A

Trophozoite stage - the motile, feeding, dividing stage

Cyst stage - non motile, dormant, survival stage

46
Q

Groups of protozoa

A

Amoebas
Ciliates
Flagellates
Non-motile protozoa (Sporozoites)

47
Q

Amoebas

A

Move by extending portion of their cell membrane and cytoplasm in structure (Pseudopodia)

48
Q

Ciliates

A

Move using a large number of hair like cilia on the outside surface of the cell

49
Q

Flagellates

A

Move using a whip like flagella

50
Q

Non motile protozoa (Sporozoites)

A

Do not contain pseudopodia, cilia or flagella

BMS 191 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions