Matter and atoms

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that takes up space and has mess

Question 2

Atom

Answer 2

Indivisible, generally refers to the one individual particle of the smallest unit of matter

Question 3

Pure substance

Answer 3

Only made of one type of material e.g helium gas

Question 4

Mixture

Answer 4

Made of 2 or more different substances which can be separated by physical means (not chemically joined) e.g blood

Question 5

Categories of pure substances

Answer 5

Elements
Molecules
Compounds

Question 6

Elements

Answer 6

A substance made up of only one type of atom

Question 7

Molecules

Answer 7

A substance made up of two or more atoms which are either from the same element or different elements e.g O2 or CO2

Question 8

Compounds

Answer 8

A substance made up of two or more atoms which are from different elements e.g CO2

Question 9

States of matter

Answer 9

Solid
Liquid
Gas

Question 10

Solids characteristics

Answer 10

Have a definite shape
Occupy definite volume
Forces are strong 
Atoms aren't moving much
Molecules lock into place and form a rigid structure that maintains fixed volume and shape
Regularly arranged particles

Question 11

Liquids Characteristics

Answer 11

Occupy a definite volume
No defined shape
Lower force of attraction between molecules
Molecules have more energy/moving more
Forces of attraction still keep molecules stuck together but the can slide across each other
Randomly arranged particles

Question 12

Gas Characteristics

Answer 12

Doesn’t have a definite shape
The molecules have so much energy and moving so fast they break the forces of attraction that want to keep them together
Large amount of space between the molecules means that gases do not have a defined volume (Gases expand or compress to fit the space they are in)
Randomly arranged particles that can move in all directions

Question 13

State of a substance at room temp is determined by…

Answer 13

Forces of attraction between molecules
Molecules vibration
(low vibration = pack together and low temp)

Question 14

Heat

Answer 14

The movement of atoms

Question 15

Components of atoms

Answer 15

Nucleus which contains neutrons and protons

Electrons in shells

Question 16

Mass number

Answer 16

The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Question 17

Isotopes

Answer 17

An atom of a particular element that has a different number of neutrons which changes mass number only

Question 18

Atomic mass

Answer 18

An average of the number of protons and neutrons found in nature (includes isotopes)

Question 19

Capacity of electron shell 1,2,3

Answer 19

1 = 2 electrons
2 = 8 electrons
3 = 8 electrons

Question 20

Octet rule

Answer 20

The tendency of atoms to prefer to have 8 electrons in their second and third shell

Question 21

Valence shell

Answer 21

Refers to the outermost electron shell that actually contains electrons