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BMS 191 > Connective tissue > Flashcards

Connective tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What does connective tissue encompass?

A

Forms all other types of tissue e.g bone cells, blood, fat and fibres

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2
Q

Connective tissue

A

Widely spread cells

Variability in vascularity between CT types due to different cells

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3
Q

Extracellular matrix

A

Consists of ground substance and fibres

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4
Q

Ground substance

A

Consists of water and large molecules like hyauronic acid and proteoglycans

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5
Q

Matrix fibres

A

Includes collagen, reticular and elastic

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6
Q

Different types of cells

A 
Fibroblasts
Osteoblasts/osteocytes (bone)
Chondroblasts/ chondrocytes (Cartilage)
Red and white blood cells (macrophages; mast cells and plasma cells
Adipocytes (fat cells)
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7
Q

Functions of connective tissue

A 
Binding organs
Support
Physical protection
Storage
Transport
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8
Q

Example of binding organs

A

Tendons bind muscles to bone

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9
Q

Example of support

A

Bones of the skeletal system provide rigid support for the body

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10
Q

Example of Physical protection

A

Vertebral column protects the spinal cord and fat cushions organs like kidneys

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11
Q

Example of Storage

A

Adipose tissue stores the bodies major energy reserve and bones provide storage from minerals like calcium

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12
Q

Example of Transport

A

Blood transports like gases, nutrients, hormones and wastes throughout the body

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13
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Secrete fibres of this tissue

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14
Q

Macrophages

A

Engulf cell debris, foreign matter, and micro-organisms in coherence with the immune response

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15
Q

Adipocytes

A

Store lipids (fat cells)

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16
Q

Plasma cells

A

Secrete antibodies in response to infection

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17
Q

Mast cells

A

Found next to capillaries, involved in infection response and allergic reactions

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18
Q

Reticular fibres

A

Smaller form of collagen, support small cel groups of blood forming tissues, lymphatic tissues and adipose tissues

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19
Q

Collagen

A

Linkages of protein exhibiting great tensile strength

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20
Q

Elastic fibres

A

Made of protein elastin

21
Q

Types of connective tissue

A 
Areolar
Reticular
Adipose
Regular
irregular
Cartilage 
Bone (osseous)
Blood and lymph
22
Q

Areolar (loose fibrous connective tissue)

A

Loose arrangement of fibres and cells (fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, plasma cells, fat cells and some white blood cells) in abundant group substance

23
Q

Areolar (loose fibrous connective tissue) locations

A

Underlies all epithelia, between muscles, passageways for nerves and blood vessels

24
Q

Areolar (loose fibrous connective tissue) functions

A

Stretch and flexible connection

25
Q

Reticular (loose fibrous connective tissue)

A

Loose network of reticular fibres and cells)

Forms supportive stroma (framework) for lymphatic organs

26
Q

Reticular (loose fibrous connective tissue) locations

A

Lymph nodes
Spleen
Thymus
Bone marrow

27
Q

Reticular (loose fibrous connective tissue) function

A

Defence against microorganisms and other injurious substances
Reticular meshwork filters out injurious particles, and reticular cells phagocytose them

28
Q

Adipose (loose fibrous connective tissue)

A

Contains mostly fat cells (adipocytes) and some fibroblasts, macrophages and mast cells

29
Q

Adipose (loose fibrous connective tissue) functions

A

Acts as food (energy) reserve, support, protection, insulation (white fat) and heat generation (brown fat)
Produces the hormone leptin, which signals to the brain how much fat is stored

30
Q

Regular (dense fibrous tissue)

A

Matrix consists mainly of densely packed fibres in regular parallel rows and has relatively few fibroblasts

31
Q

Types of regular (dense fibrous tissue)

A

Collagenous

Elastic

32
Q

Collagenous regular (dense fibrous tissue)

A

Mostly collagenous fibres in the extracellular matrix

e.g tendons and ligaments

33
Q

Elastic regular (dense fibrous tissue)

A

Mostly elastic fibres in the extracellular matrix

e.g arteries

34
Q

Irregular (dense fibrous tissue)

A

Densely packed, randomly arranged, collagen fibres and few visible cells
Withstands stresses applied in different directions

35
Q

Irregular (dense fibrous tissue) locations

A

Deeper layer of skin; Capsules around organs

36
Q

Cartilage tissue

A

Supportive connective tissue with flexible rubbery matrix

Avascular

37
Q

Type of cell in Cartilage tissue and its role

A

Chondrocytes

Produce fibres and the ground substance of cartilage

38
Q

Perichondrium

A

Membrane that surrounds the cartilage

39
Q

Types of fibres in cartilage

A

Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage

40
Q

Hyaline roles

A

Most prevalent type
Supports airway
Eases joint movement

41
Q

Hyaline composition

A

Rubbery matrix;
Dispersed collagen fibres
Clustered chondrocytes in lacunae (gap)

42
Q

Hyaline locations

A

Ends of bones at movable joints (articular cartilage)
Sternal ends of ribs
Supportive material in larynx (voice box)
Trachea
Bronchi
Foetal skeleton

43
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Strongest and most durable type of cartilage

Serves as shock absorbing material between bones

44
Q

Fibrocartilage locations

A

Between bones at the knee (meniscus)

In intervertebral disks and pubic symphysis

45
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage containing many fine elastic fibres

Provides strength and flexibility

46
Q

Elastic cartilage locations

A

External ear and epiglottis

47
Q

Bone (osseous) tissue

A

Hard connective tissue that consists of living and mineralised matrix (specialised crystals called hydroxyapatite which contains calcium and phosphate)

48
Q

Blood and lymph (liquid connective tissue)

A

Consists of cells suspended in extracellular matrix that is a liquid e.g in blood the extracellular matrix is called blood plasma

49
Q

Blood and lymph locations

A

Found in heart, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

BMS 191 (27 decks)

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