Skeletal System Flashcards
Define the part of the bone: Diaphysis
Central shaft-like portion; thick compact bone
Define the part of the bone: Articular Cartilage
Covers the ends of bones (epiphysis); helps to ease the movement of the bone within a joint
Define the part of the bone: Medullary Cavity
Central hollow portion
Define the part of the bone: Endosteum
Thin epithelial membrane inside the medullary cavity
Define the part of the bone: Periosteum
A dense fibrous membrane covering the diaphysis
Define the part of the bone: Epiphyseal plate
Found in growing children; separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis at each end of long bones
Define the part of the bone: Red Bone Marrow
Soft tissue filling medullary cavity of long bones; produces red blood cells
What makes up the Axial Skeleton
Skull, ribcage, and vertebral column
What makes up the Appendicular Skeleton
Limbs, pelvic area, and shoulder area
Which bone(s) from the forehead and the roof of the eye sockets?
Frontal Bone (1 bone)
Which bone(s) join together at the top of the head to form the top and sides of the cranial cavity?
Parietal Bones (2 bones)
Which bone(s) form the rear of the skull?
Occipital Bone (1 bone)
Which bone(s) form the sides of the cranium and part of the cranial floor; also contain the structures of the inner and middle ear?
Temporal Bones (2 bones)
Which bone(s) form a key part of the cranial floor and the side walls of the orbits. Appears as a giant moth and houses the pituitary gland.
Sphenoid Bone (1 bone)
Which bone(s) contributes to the walls of the orbits, the roof and walls of the nasal cavity, and the nasal septum.
Ethmoid Bone (1 bone)
Which bone(s) shape the cheeks and outer edge of the orbit?
Zygomatic Bones (2 bones)
Which bone(s) meet to form the upper jaw?
Maxillae (2 bones)
Which bone(s) articulate with the temporal bone at the TMJ, making it the only facial bone that can move?
Mandible (1 bone)
Which bone(s) are paper-thin and form the part of the side wall of the orbit?
Lacrimal Bones (2 bones)
Which bone(s) form the bridge of the nose?
Nasal Bones (2 rectangular bones)
Which bone(s) contribute to the nasal cavity?
Inferior Nasal Conchae (2 bones)
Which bone(s) form the inferior half of the nasal septum?
Vomer ( 1 bone)
Which bone(s) form the posterior portion of the hard palate, part of the wall of the nasal cavity, and part of the floor of the orbit?
Palatine Bones (2 bones)
Define: Vertebral Foramen
An opening allowing for the passage of the spinal cord
Define: Body ( vertebrae)
The weight-bearing portion of the vertebrae
Define: Spinous Process
The bumps you can feel along spine that project posteriously
Define: Transverse Processes
Extending from each side of the vertebrae, they serve as attachment points for muscles and ligaments
What does the Thoracic cage consist of?
Thoracic Vertebrae, Sternum, and Ribs
What are the 3 regions of the sternum?
Manubrium (broadest portion), Body (longest portion), Xiphoid Process (important landmark for CPR)
What is the Pectoral Girdle composed of?
Clavicle & Scapula
What is the Acromian Process?
The extension of the scapula that meets the clavicle
What is the Glenmoid Process?
The shallow socket connecting the scapula to the humerous
What is the Humerus?
The long bone of the upper arm
What is the Radius?
One of the two bones in the lower arm; located on the thumb side
What is the Ulna?
One of the two bones in the lower arm; located on the pinky side
What are the Carpal Bones?
Bones that form the wrist; 8 carpal bones
What are the Metacarpal Bones?
Bones forming the palm of the hand; 5 bones
What are the phalanges?
Fingers and toes
What is the Acetabulum?
A depression that houses the head of the femur to form the hip socket
What is the Iliac Crest?
The upper, outer edge of the ilium
Which bone of the lower leg bears weight?
Tibia; commonly called the shin bone
What is the purpose of the Fibula?
To stabilize the ankle; does not bear any weight
What bones comprise the ankle?
Tarsal bones
What is the calcaneus bone?
The largest tarsal bone- forms the heal; bears much of the bodys weight
What are the metatarsals?
Five bones forming the middle of the foot
Define Tendon
Strong, fibrous cord through which a muscle attaches to bone
Define Ligament
Tough cords of connective tissue that help bind bones more firmly together
