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Anatomy & Physiology > Module 13: Nervous System > Flashcards

Module 13: Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are Oligdendrocytes found and what do they form?

A

Form myelin sheath in CNS

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2
Q

Where are Astrocytes found and what do they form?

A

Found in brain tissue in CNS; form blood-brain barrier.

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3
Q

Where are Schwann cells found and what do they form?

A

Form myelin sheath in peripheral nervous system

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4
Q

What are Neuroglia?

A

Cells in the nervous system that support neurons but do not conduct impulses

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5
Q

What is the role of Microglia?

A

Perform phagocytosis

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6
Q

What is the role of Sensory (Afferent) Neurons?

A

Detect stimuli such as touch, pressure, heat, cold, or chemicals and then transmit information about the stimuli to the CNS

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7
Q

What is the role of Interneurons?

A

Connect incoming sensory pathways with the outgoing motor pathways. Found only in CNS.

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8
Q

What is the role of Motor Neurons?

A

Relay messages from the brain (which the brain emits in response to stimuli) to the muscle or gland cells.

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9
Q

Describe the part of the Neuron: Cell Body (Soma)

A

The control center of the neuron and contains the nucleus

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10
Q

Describe the part of the Neuron: Dendrites

A

Receive signals from other neurons and conduct the information to the cell body. Looks like the bare branches of a tree.

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11
Q

Describe the part of the Neuron: Axon

A

Carries nerve signals away from the cell body

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12
Q

Describe the part of the Neuron: Myelin Sheath

A

Insulates the axon. Made mostly of lipid in the PNS Schwann cells form the myelin sheath but in the CNS oligodendrocytes assume this role.

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13
Q

Describe the part of the Neuron: Nodes of Ranvier

A

Evenly spaced gas in the myelin sheath

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14
Q

Describe the part of the Neuron: Synaptic Knob

A

Vesicles containing a neurotransmitter

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15
Q

What do Ascending spinal tracts convey?

A

Sensory signals

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16
Q

What do Descending spinal tracts conduct?

A

Motor Impulses

17
Q

What is the Cauda Equina?

A

A bundle of nerve roots extending from the end of the spinal cord

18
Q

What are the 3 layers of the meninges from the inside out?

A

Pia, Arachnoid, and Dura

19
Q

What are Autonomic (Visceral) Reflexes?

A

Involve secretion from glands or the contraction of smooth muscle. These reflexes are governed by autonomic neurons.

20
Q

What are Somatic Reflexes?

A

Involve contraction of a skeletal muscle after being stimulated by a somatic motor neuron.

21
Q

What are the 4 steps of Somatic Reflexes?

A
  1. Somatic receptors detect a sensation 2. Sensory nerve fibers send a signal 3. The impulse immediately passes to a motor neuron. 4. The motor neuron initiates an impulse back to the muscle causing it to contract.
22
Q

Where can you find Ependymal cells?

A

Line spinal cord and cavities

of the brain

23
Q

What is the Blood Brain Barrier?

A

Formed as astrocytes wrap around capillaries

Protects brain from foreign substances

24
Q

What is Membrane Potential?

A

When ions with opposite electrical charges are separated `by a membrane

25
Q

What is Polarization?

A

When a membrane has an excess of positive ions on one side and an excess of negative ions on the other

26
Q

What are tracts?

A

Bundles of axons within the white matter that serve as routes of communication to and from the brain are called

27
Q

What does the Hippocampus do?

A

Converts short-term memory into long-term memory

28
Q

What does the Amygdala?

A

Stores and can recall emotion

29
Q

What is the Cerebellum responsible for?

A

The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements such as posture, balance, coordination, and speech.

30
Q

What is the Hypothalamus responsible for?

A

Controlling hormone release

31
Q

What is the Medulla Oblongata and Pons responsible for?

A

Regulate breathing

32
Q

What is the Midbrain responsible for?

A

Functions in motor movement, particularly movements of the eye, and in auditory and visual processing.

33
Q

What is Broca’s area responsible for?

A

Production of speech

34
Q

What is Wernicke’s area responsible for?

A

Language development

35
Q

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

A

Emotional expression, problem solving, memory, language, judgment, and sexual behaviors.

36
Q

What is the Temporal lobe responsible for?

A

Auditory information

37
Q

What is the Parietal lobe responsible for?

A

Sensory information

38
Q

What is the Occipital Lobe responsible for?

A

Visual information

39
Q

What joins the two hemispheres of the brain together?

A

Corpus Callosum

Anatomy & Physiology (16 decks)

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