Muscular System

Question 1

Where is Cardiac Muscle found and is it voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 1

Found only in heart; involuntary

Question 2

Where is Smooth Muscle found and is it voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 2

Found in digestive tract, blood vessels, airways & uterus; involuntary

Question 3

Where is Skeletal Muscle found and is it voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 3

Found attached to bones; voluntary

Question 4

What is a skeletal muscle cell called?

Answer 4

Muscle Fiber

Question 5

What covers each muscle fiber?

Answer 5

Edomysium- a connective tissue

Question 6

What are fascicles?

Answer 6

Muscle fibers grouped in bundles

Question 7

What is the Perimysium?

Answer 7

A sheath of connective tissue encasing fascicles

Question 8

What is the sarcolemma?

Answer 8

The plasma membrane surrounding each muscle fiber

Question 9

What is the Fascia?

Answer 9

Connective tissue surrounding the muscle outside the epimysium

Question 10

What is the Epimysium?

Answer 10

A layer of connective tissue surrounding the muscle as a whole and binds all the muscle fibers together.

Question 11

What is the Endomysium?

Answer 11

A connective tissue covering each muscle fiber

Question 12

What is the name for the cytoplasm of the cell?

Answer 12

Sarcoplasm

Question 13

What forms a myofibril?

Answer 13

The thin and thick myofilaments stacked together

Question 14

Explain a thick filament

Answer 14

Hundreds of myosin molecules stacked together with the myosin heads facing outward

Question 15

Explain a thin filament

Answer 15

Consisting of two chains of the protein Actin, thin myofilaments look like a string of beads. Entwined with the actin are two other proteins; tropomyosin, and troponin.

Question 16

What is the Threshold?

Answer 16

The minimum voltage needed to cause a muscle fiber to contract

Question 17

What is a Twitch?

Answer 17

A single, brief contraction.

Question 18

What is the Neuromuscular Junction?

Answer 18

The connection between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber

Question 19

What is the length-tension relationship?

Answer 19

The strength of a contraction depends upon the length of the fibers before a contraction.

Question 20

When are the muscles able to contract the strongest?

Answer 20

When the thin and thick filaments are partially overlapped.

Question 21

What does the All or Nothing principle state?

Answer 21

that under given conditions the response of a nerve or muscle fiber to a stimulus at any strength above the threshold is the same: the muscle or nerve responds completely or not at all.

Question 22

What is Incomplete Tetanus?

Answer 22

Rapid contraction with only partial relaxation

Question 23

What is Complete Tetanus?

Answer 23

One prolonged contraction due to the impulses arriving so fast the muscle cannot relax between stimuli

Question 24

What is Treppe?

Answer 24

Phenomenon is which each successive twitch contracts more forcefully than the previous one

Question 25

What is Isometric Contraction?

Answer 25

Condition of rapid muscle contraction with only partial relaxation

Question 26

What is Isotonic Contraction?

Answer 26

Contraction in which the muscle changes length to move a load

Question 27

What is Aerobic Respiration?

Answer 27

Process that breaks down fatty acids for energy when oxygen is not plentiful

Question 28

What is Anaerobic Respiration?

Answer 28

Process that breaks down glucose for energy when oxygen is not plentiful

Question 29

What is Muscle Tone?

Answer 29

Continuous state of partial muscle contraction that allows for the maintenance of posture

Question 30

What does the Origin refer to?

Answer 30

The end of the muscle that attaches to the more stationary bone

Question 31

What does the Belly refer to?

Answer 31

The thick midsection of the muscle

Question 32

What does the Insertion refer to?

Answer 32

The end of the muscle that attaches to the more moveable bone

Question 33

What does the Frontalis do?

Answer 33

Raises the eyebrows?

Question 34

What does the Orbicularis oculi do?

Answer 34

Closes the eye when blinking or squinting

Question 35

What does the Zygomaticus do?

Answer 35

Draws the mouth upward when laughing

Question 36

What does the Orbicularis Oris do?

Answer 36

Closes the mouth and purses the lips

Question 37

What does the Buccinator do?

Answer 37

Assist in smiling and blowing

Question 38

What does the Temporalis do?

Answer 38

Aids in closing the jaw

Question 39

What does the Masseter do?

Answer 39

Closes the jaw

Question 40

What does the Sternocleidomastoid do?

Answer 40

Flexes head, when one side contracts, rotates head to opposite side

Question 41

What does Trapezius do?

Answer 41

Extends head, flexes head to one side; also elevates the shoulder

Question 42

What does the External Intercostal do?

Answer 42

Elevate ribs during inspiration

Question 43

What does the Internal Intercostal do?

Answer 43

Depress the ribs during forces exhalation

Question 44

What does the Diaphragm do?

Answer 44

Enlarges the thorax to trigger inspiration

Question 45

What does the Rectus Abdominis do?

Answer 45

Flexes lumbar bending forward at waist; from sternum to pubic bone

Question 46

What does Transversus Abdominis do?

Answer 46

Compresses the contents of the abdomen

Question 47

What do the Internal Oblique do?

Answer 47

Stabilize spine, maintain posture, permit rotation of waist

Question 48

What do the External Oblique do?

Answer 48

Stabilize spine during heavy lifting; support posture; aids forceful expiration