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anatomy and physiology > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Hyaline Cartilage Most abundant Types

A

1) Tracheal and bronchial cartilage
2) Costal cartilage
3) Articular cartilage
4) Laryngeal cartilage
5) Nasal cartilage

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2
Q

Tracheal and bronchial cartilage

A

Reinforces passageways of the respiratory system

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3
Q

Costal cartilage

A

Connect ribs to sternum (breastbone)

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4
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Covers bone ends at
movable joints

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5
Q

Laryngeal cartilage

A

Forms skeleton of larynx (voice box)

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6
Q

Nasal cartilage

A

Supports the external nose

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7
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

Contains Stretchy Elastic Fibers

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8
Q

Elastic Cartilage

Locations:

A

External Ear Epiglottis

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9
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Highly Compressible Great Tensile Strength

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10
Q

Fibrocartilage

Locations:

A

Knee
Vertebral Discs Pubic Symphysis

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11
Q

Functions of Bony Tissue a.k.a. Osseous Tissue

A
  1. Support
  2. Protection
  3. Movement
  4. Mineral Storage
    Calcium and Phosphate Ions
  5. Blood Cell Formation a.k.a. Hematopoiesis
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12
Q

Cartilage

A
  1. Support with flexibility and resilience
  2. No nerves or blood vessels
  3. Perichondrium: Dense connective tissue membrane surrounding cartilage
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13
Q

Diaphysis:

A

shaft of compact bone with marrow cavity (yellow b/c of fat)

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14
Q

Epiphysis:

A

end of bone, covered w/ articular cartilage

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15
Q

exterior =

A

compact bone

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16
Q

interior =

A

spongy bone

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17
Q

Periosteum:

A

membrane around bone
outer layer- fibrous c.t.
inner layer- osteogenic layer

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18
Q

osteoblasts:

A

Bone-forming cells

19
Q

osteoclasts:

A

bone-destroying cells

20
Q

Compact Bone

Location:
Function:

A

Location: external layer of all bones and most of shaft of long bones.
Protection: protection and support

21
Q

Spongy Bone

A

Deep to Compact Bone No Osteons
Site of hematopoiesis

22
Q

Trabeculae:

A

matrix of spongy bone
1. supports/protects bone marrow cells
2. located where bones are not heavily stressed or where stresses arrive from many directions.
3. lighter than compact bone, reducing weight of skeleton & making it easier for muscles to move the bones.

23
Q

Red Marrow

A

Spongy Bone of Long Bones and
Diploe of Flat Bones

24
Q

Red marrow main location

A

Main Location in Adults…
Pelvis, Sternum Also…Femur and Humerus

25
Q

Ossification

A

Replacing tissue w/ Bone

26
Q

Ossification 2 Types

A
  1. Intramembranous

2. Endochondral

27
Q

Intramembranous

A

a. from mesenchyme or fibrous c.t.

b. occurs along flat bones of the skull
*Remember Soft Spots/Fontanels

28
Q

Endochondral

A

a. bone replaces existing cartilage

b. occurs with long bone growth

29
Q

Repair of Fractures
What is the doctor’s role?

A
  1. Reduction: realigning broken ends

a. Closed: done w/ hands
b. Open: surgery
2. Immobilization

30
Q

Repair of Fractures
Now your body’s role?
Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture

A
  1. Hematoma formation
  2. Fibrocartilage callus formation
  3. Bony callus formation
  4. Bone remodeling
31
Q

Hematoma Formation

A

(blood-filled swelling is formed)

32
Q

Fibrocartilage Callus Forms

A

(fibrocartilage acts as splint)

33
Q

Bony Callus Forms

A

(3-4 weeks after inj.)
(bone replaces fibrocartilage)

34
Q

Bony Callus is Remodeled

A

(forms permanent patch)

35
Q

Control of Bone Remodeling

A

Ca2+ homeostasis of blood = 9-11mg/100ml

36
Q

Ca2+ homeostasis of blood = 9-11mg/100ml

If too low:

A

1) Parathyroid hormone released
2) Osteoclasts resorb bone, releasing Ca2+ into blood until levels rise to normal

37
Q

Ca2+ homeostasis of blood = 9-11mg/100ml

If too high:

A

1) Calcitonin released
2) Stimulates calcium salt deposit in bone until levels fall to normal

38
Q

Sprain:

Why do these heal slowly?

A

ligaments stretched or torn

Dense Regular

39
Q

Dislocations:
How do they fix these?

A

bones forced out of alignment

40
Q

Tendonitis:

A

inflammation of tendon

41
Q

Bursitis:

A

inflammation of bursa sac

42
Q

Osteoarthritis:

A
  1. “wear and tear arthritis”
  2. articular cartilage worn down
43
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis:

A
  1. autoimmune disease
  2. can lead to awful deformities
44
Q

Gouty Arthritis:

A
  1. excessive uric acid levels

2. treatable

anatomy and physiology (12 decks)

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