Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy and physiology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Tissues:

A

groups of cells; similar in structure/ function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anatomy of the Cell

A

Cells are not all the same

All cells share general structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

All cells have three main regions

A

Plasma membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The Nucleus

A

Control center of the cell

-Contains genetic material (DNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Three regions of the nucleus

A

 Nuclear envelope (membrane)

 Nucleolus
 Chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nuclear envelope (membrane)

A

Barrier of the nucleus
Consists of a double membrane
Contains nuclear pores that allow for exchange of material with the rest of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nucleoli

A

Nucleus contains one or more nucleoli
Sites of ribosome assembly
Ribosomes migrate into the cytoplasm through nuclear pores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Chromatin

A

Composed of DNA and protein
Present when the cell is not dividing
Scattered throughout the nucleus
Condenses to form chromosomes when cell divides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

Barrier for cell contents
Double phospholipid layer
Hydrophilic heads
Hydrophobic tails

Also contains proteins, cholesterol, and glycoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Plasma Membrane Specializations
Microvilli

A

Finger-like projections that increase surface area for absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Plasma Membrane Specializations
Membrane junctions

Tight junctions

A

Impermeable junctions

Bind cells together into leakproof sheets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Plasma Membrane Specializations
Membrane junctions

Desmosomes

A

Anchoring junctions that prevent cells from being pulled apart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Plasma Membrane Specializations
Membrane junctions

Gap junctions

A

Allow communication between cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cytoplasm

A

is the material outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane

Contains three major elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cytosol

A

Fluid that suspends other elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Organelles

A

Metabolic machinery of the cell
―Little organs‖ that perform functions for
the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Inclusions

A

Chemical substances such as stored nutrients or cell products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mitochondria

A

―”Powerhouses”of the cell
Change shape continuously
Carry out reactions where oxygen is used to break down food
Provides ATP for cellular energy

19
Q

Ribosomes

A

Made of protein and RNA
Sites of protein synthesis

Found at two locations
Free in the cytoplasm
As part of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

20
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A

Fluid-filled tubules for carrying substances

21
Q

Two types of ER

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

22
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Studded with ribosomes
Synthesizes proteins

23
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Functions in lipid metabolism and detoxification of drugs and pesticides

24
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Modifies and packages proteins
Produces different types of packages
Secretory vesicles
Cell membrane components
Lysosomes

25
Q

Lysosomes

A

Contain enzymes that digest worn-out or nonusable materials within the cell

26
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes
Detoxify harmful substances such as alcohol and formaldehyde
Break down free radicals (highly reactive chemicals)
Replicate by pinching in half

27
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Network of protein structures that extend
throughout the cytoplasm
Provides the cell with an internal framework

28
Q

Cytoskeleton
Three different types of
elements

A

 Microfilaments (smallest)
 Intermediate filaments
 Microtubules (largest)

29
Q

Centrioles

A

Rod-shaped bodies made of microtubules
Direct the formation of mitotic spindle during cell division

30
Q

Cellular Projections

A
  • Not found in all cells
  • Used for movement
    -Cilia move materials across the cell surface
    -Located in the respiratory system to move mucus
    • Flagella propel the cell
      -The only flagellated cell in the human body is sperm
31
Q

Membrane transport—

A

movement of substances into and out of the cell

32
Q

Two basic methods of transport

A

Passive transport
No energy is required

Active transport
Cell must provide metabolic energy (ATP)

33
Q

Solution—

A

homogeneous mixture of two or more components

34
Q

Solvent—

A

dissolving medium; typically water in the body

35
Q

Solutes—

A

components in smaller quantities within a solution

36
Q

Intracellular fluid—

A

nucleoplasm and cytosol

37
Q

Interstitial fluid—

A

fluid on the exterior of the cell

38
Q

Selective Permeability

A

-The plasma membrane allows some materials to pass while excluding others
-This permeability influences movement both into and out of the cell

39
Q

Diffusion

A

Particles tend to distribute themselves evenly
within a solution
Movement is from high concentration to low concentration, or down a concentration gradient

40
Q

Simple diffusion

A

An unassisted process
Solutes are lipid-soluble materials or small enough to pass through membrane pores

41
Q

Osmosis

A

—simple diffusion of water
Highly polar water molecules easily cross the plasma membrane through aquaporins

42
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Substances require a protein carrier for
passive transport
Transports lipid-insoluble and large substances

43
Q

Filtration

A
  • Water and solutes are forced through a
    membrane by fluid, or hydrostatic pressure
  • A pressure gradient must exist
    -Solute-containing fluid is pushed from a high-pressure area to a lower pressure area
44
Q

Cells:

A

1) perform all chemical activities needed for life

2) building blocks of all living things

anatomy and physiology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions