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anatomy and physiology > Overview Of Ant. And Phy. > Flashcards

Overview Of Ant. And Phy. Flashcards

1
Q

Physiology

A

The study of the function of the body’s structural machinery

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2
Q

Principle of Complementarity

A

Function always reflects structure
Or
Structure determines function

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3
Q

Levels of Organizations

A
  1. Chemical level- atoms combine to form molecules.
  2. Cellular level- cell made up of molecules.
  3. Tissue level- tissues consisting up of similar types of cells.
  4. Organ level- organs made up of different types of tissues.
  5. Organ System level- organ system consist of different organs that work closely together.
  6. Organismal level- the human organism made up of many organ systems.
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4
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another

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5
Q

-Forms the external body covering
-Protects deeper tissue from injury
-Helps regulate body temperature
-Location of cutaneous nerve receptors

A

Integumentary

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6
Q

-Protects and supports body organs
-Provides muscle attachment for movement
-Site of blood cell formation
-Stores minerals

A

Skeletal

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7
Q
  • Produces movement

- Maintains posture
-Produces heat

A

Muscular

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8
Q

-Fast-acting control system
-Responds to internal and external change
-Activates muscles and glands

A

Nervous

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9
Q

Secretes regulatory hormones
-Growth
-Reproduction

-Metabolism

A

Endocrine

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10
Q
  • Transports materials in body via blood pumped by heart
    -Oxygen
    -Carbon dioxide
  • Nutrients
    -Wastes
A

Cardiovascular

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11
Q
  • Returns fluids to blood vessels

- Cleanses the blood
-Involved in immunity

A

Lymphatic

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12
Q

-Keeps blood supplied with oxygen
-Removes carbon dioxide

A

Respiratory

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13
Q
  • Breaks down food

- Allows for nutrient
-absorption into blood
-Eliminates indigestible material

A

Digestive

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14
Q

Survival Needs

A
  1. Nutrients (Food)
  2. Oxygen
  3. Water
  4. Appropriate Body Temp.
  5. Appropriate Atmospheric Pressure
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15
Q

Necessary Life Functions

A
  1. Maintain Boundaries
  2. Digestion
  3. Movement
  4. Excretion
  5. Responsiveness
  6. Metabolism
  7. Reproduction
  8. Growth
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16
Q

HOMEOSTASIS

A

Dynamic State of Equilibrium
Maintaining relatively stable internal conditions despite continuous environmental changes

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17
Q

Homeostatic Control

A

Depends on Communication
Nervous System

Endocrine System

18
Q

Receptor

A

a. detects stimulus
b. sends input (info) to control center

19
Q

Control Center

A

a. analyzes input & determines response

b. sends output (info) to effector

20
Q

Effector

A

a. provides means for response
b. 2 types of feedback influence stimulus

21
Q

Negative Feedback System

A

Very Common
Reduces the original stimulus
Ex: blood sugar level, heart rate, body temp

22
Q

Positive Feedback System

A

Not Common
Intensifies the original stimulus
Ex: blood clotting, labor contractions

23
Q

Afferent Pathway =

A

Receptor -> Control Center

24
Q

Efferent Pathway =

A

Control Center -> Effector

25
Q

THE ANATOMICAL POSITION

A

“Standing at Attention” but…
Palms Face Forward

26
Q

Why Do We Use The Anatomical Position?

A

Universal Reference for Terminology

27
Q

Superior

A

(cranial) - toward the head

28
Q

Inferior

A

(caudal) - away from the head

29
Q

Anterior

A
  • toward the front of the body
30
Q

Posterior

A
  • toward the back of the body
31
Q

Medial

A
  • toward the midline of the body
32
Q

Lateral

A
  • away from the midline of the body
33
Q

Intermediate

A
  • between medial & lateral
34
Q

Proximal

A
  • closer to the origin of the body part or point of attachment
35
Q

Distal

A
  • farther from the origin of the body part or point of attachment
36
Q

Superficial

A
  • toward or at the body surface
37
Q

Deep

A
  • away from the body surface
38
Q

Sagittal

A
  • cuts body into R & L side
    (a.k.a. median plane)
39
Q

Frontal

A
  • cuts body into anterior & posterior parts (a.k.a. coronal)
40
Q

Transverse

A
  • cuts body into superior & inferior parts
    (a.k.a. cross section)
41
Q

Homeostatic Control system

A

Stimulus, receptor, afferent pathway, control center, efferent pathway, effector, response

anatomy and physiology (12 decks)

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