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anatomy and physiology > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelial Tissue: General Characteristics

A
  1. Cover all body surfaces - inside & out
  2. Major tissue of glands
  3. Reproduce rapidly (thanks to vascular underlying connective tissue)
  4. Tightly packed
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2
Q

Epithelial Structure

A
  1. one side is free (exposed to outside or internal space)
  2. other side is attached to connective tissue by thin, nonliving layer called the basement membrane (basal lamina & reticular lamina)
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3
Q

Epithelial Classification
1. Simple vs. Stratified

A

Simple: single layer of cells
Stratified: many layers of cells

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4
Q

Epithelial Classification

Squamous vs. Cuboidal vs. Columnar

A

Squamous: thin & flat Cuboidal: cube-shaped Columnar: elongated

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5
Q

Simple Squamos Epithelium

A

Structure: single layer of thin, flat cells
Function: diffusion & filtration
Location: air sacs, walls of capillaries, inside of blood & lymph vessels
*Can Be Damaged Easily b/c so thin

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6
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

A

Structure: single layer, cube-shaped Function: secretion & absorption Location: covers ovaries, lines kidney
tubules, & gland ducts (salivary, liver, pancreas)

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7
Q

Simple Columnar Epithelium

A

Structure: single layer, elongated (column shaped) Function: absorption
Location: lining of digestive tract *microvilli
*goblet cells

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8
Q

Psuedostratified Columnar Epithelium

A

Structure: appear layered but are not
Function: trap & move foreign particles & move sex cells
Location: lines respiratory & reproductive passages
*cilia

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9
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

A

Structure: outermost layer is thin, flat; deep layers cuboidal or columnar
Function:
Keratinized: dry protective coating Non-keratinized: moist & protective
Location: K = skin
Not K = esophagus, mouth, vagina

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10
Q

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

A

Structure: 2 layers of cubed cells Function: protection
Location: largest ducts of glands (sweat,
mammary, & salivary)

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11
Q

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

A

Structure: superficial layer elongated Function: protection
Location: male urethra, ducts of lg. glands
*rare

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12
Q

Transitional Epithelium

A

Structure: changes, squamos & cuboidal depending on stretching
Function: expandable lining & barrier
Location: ureters, urinary bladder, part of urethra

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13
Q

Four types of tissues

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

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14
Q

Muscle Tissue: Skeletal description

A

Long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells; obvious striations

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15
Q

Muscle Tissue: Skeletal location

A

In skeletal muscles attached to bones or occasionally to skin

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16
Q

Muscle Tissue: Skeletal function

A

Voluntary movement; locomotion; manipulation of the environment; facial expression, voluntary control

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17
Q

Muscle Tissue: Cardiac description

A

Branching striated, generally uninucleate cells that interdigitate at specialized junctions

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18
Q

Muscle Tissue: Cardiac location

A

The walls of the heart

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19
Q

Muscle Tissue: Cardiac function

A

As it contacts, it propels blood into the circulation; involuntary control.

20
Q

Muscle Tissue: Smooth description

A

Spindle-shaped cells with central nuclei

20
Q

Nervous Tissue description

A

Neurons are branching cells; cell processes that may be quite long extended from the nucleus-containing cell body; also contributing to nervous tissue are nonirritable supporting cells

21
Q

Nervous Tissue function

A

Transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors and to effectors (muscles and glands) which control their activity

22
Q

Nervous Tissue location

A

Brain
spinal cord
nerves

23
Q

Connective Tissue

A
  1. Found everywhere in the body
  2. Most abundant and widely distributed tissues
24
Q

Connective tissue functions

A

a) Binds body tissues together

b) Supports the body
c) Provides protection

25
Q

Connective Tissue Characteristics

A

• All Types Come from Mesenchyme – – embryonic connective tissue
• Variations in blood supply
– Some well vascularized, some poor, some avascular

26
Q

Connective tissue 3 Components

A
  1. Ground substance: mostly water, proteins & polysaccharides
  2. Fibers: Produced by FIBROBLASTS, 3 types Collagen (white) fibers, Elastic (yellow) fibers, Reticular fiber
  3. Cells
    *1+2 = Extracellular Matrix
27
Q

Mesenchyme description

A

Embryonic connective tissue; gel-like ground substance containing fibers; star-shaped mesenchymal cells.

28
Q

Mesenchyme function

A

Gives rise to all other connective tissue types.

29
Q

Mesenchyme location

A

Primarily in embryo

30
Q

Areolar

A

Connective Tissue Proper: Loose

31
Q

Areolar description

A

Gel-like matrix with all three fiber types; cells: fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells and some white blood cells.

32
Q

Areolar function

A

Wraps and cushions organs; its macrophages phagocytosis bacteria; plays important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid

33
Q

Areolar location

A

Widely distributed under epithelia of body, forms lamina propria of mucous membranes; packages organs, surrounds capillaries.

34
Q

Adipose

A

Connective Tissue Proper: Loose

35
Q

Adipose description

A

Matrix as in areolar, but very sparse; closely packed adipocytes, or fat cells, have nucleus pushed to the side by large fat droplet.

36
Q

Adipose function

A

Provides reserve food fuel; insulates against heat loss; supports and protects organs

37
Q

Adipose location

A

Under skin; around kidneys and eyeballs; within abdomen; in breasts.

38
Q

Reticular

A

Connective Tissue Proper: Loose

39
Q

Reticular description

A

Network of reticular fibers in a typical loose ground substance; reticular cells lie on the network.

40
Q

Reticular function

A

Fibers from a soft internal skeleton (stroma) that supports other cell types including white blood cells, mast cells, and macrophages

41
Q

Reticular location

A

Lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen).

42
Q

Dense Regular description

A

Primarily parallel collagen fibers; a few elastin fibers; major cell type is the fibroblast.

43
Q

Dense regular function

A

Attaches muscles to bones or to muscles; attaches bone to bones; withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in one direction

44
Q

Dense regular location

A

Tendons, most ligaments, aponeuroses

45
Q

Dense irregular description

A

Primarily irregularly arranged collagen fibers; some elastic fibers; major cell type is the fibroblast

anatomy and physiology (12 decks)

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