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anatomy and physiology > Nervous system exam > Flashcards

Nervous system exam Flashcards

1
Q

A typical motor neuron

A

Axon

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2
Q

Functions of an axon

A

Conducts impulse away from the cell body.

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3
Q

Functions of an axon Hillock

A

Generates A.P.

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4
Q

Functions of a dendrite

A

Convey incoming messages toward the cell body.

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5
Q

Functions of a myelin sheath

A

Insulates and protects axons,

conducts impulse quicker made by Schwan cells in the PNS and oligodendrocytes in CNS

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6
Q

Functions of a node of ranvier

A

Gaps in the sheath

Allows an action potential to propagate quickly down an axon.

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7
Q

Functions of a cell body

A

Biosynthetic Center

Contains all organelles except centrioles.

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8
Q

Acetycholine

A

Leads to muscle contraction

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9
Q

Cranial nerves

A

Olfactory

Optic

Oculomotor

Trochlear

Trigeminal

Abducens

Vestibulocochlear

Glossopharyneal

Vagus

Spinal Accessory

Hypoglossal

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10
Q

Olfactory-

A

smell

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11
Q

Optic-

A

sight

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12
Q

Oculomotor-

A

move eyes, raise eyelids

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13
Q

Trochlear-

A

move eyes

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14
Q

Trigeminal-

A

facial sensation

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15
Q

Abducens-

A

lateral eye movement

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16
Q

Vestibulocochlear-

A

hearing

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17
Q

Glossopharyneal-

A

pharynx, tonsils, tongue

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18
Q

Vagus-

A

speech

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19
Q

Spinal Accessory-

A

thorax, abdomen, larynx, neck, back

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20
Q

Hypoglossal-

A

tongue

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21
Q

LP vs. Epidural

A

Epidural- put in medicine, epidural space, helps with pain.

LP- takes out CSF, Subarachnoid space, check for meningitis.

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22
Q

decussation of the pyramids-

A

crossover

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23
Q

gyri-

A

elevated ridges

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24
Q

sulci-

A

shallow grooves

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25
Q

fissures-

A

deeper grooves

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26
Q

Polio-

A

Called Poliomyelitis

a. “polio” = gray matter
b. myelitis = inflammation of spinal cord

  1. Poliovirus kills anterior horn motor neurons
    a. fever, headache, muscle pain & weakness

b. muscle atrophy & paralysis (why can it kill?)
c. enters body in feces contaminated water

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27
Q

ALS-

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis a.k.a. Lou Gehrig’s Disease

  1. Progressive destruction of anterior horn motor neurons and pyramidal tract
  2. Cause: Genetic (free radicals or excess glutamate)
  3. Death within 5 yrs
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28
Q

Quadrapeligia-

A

a. transection in C region

b. all limbs affected

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29
Q

Parapeligia-

A

a. transection between T1 – L1

b. lower limbs affected

30
Q

Spina Bifida-

A
  1. Incomplete formation of vertebral arches
  2. Most frequently occurring permanently
    disabling birth defect
  3. Severity
    a. S.B. occulta: one/few vertebrae

b. S.B. cystica: sac-like cyst protrudes
1) meningocele (meninges & CSF)
2) myelomeningocele (also spinal cord)
4. Folic Acid, Folic Acid, Folic Acid!

31
Q

MS-

A

Autoimmune disease

Young Adults mostly affected

Myelin Sheaths in CNS attacked, inflammation occurs & scleroses form

Impulse conduction slows & eventually stops

32
Q

Hyrdocephalus-

A

A build-up of fluid in the cavities deep within the brain.

33
Q

Spinal Cord: characteristics-

A

Length: 17in (42cm)

foramen magnum to L1-L2

Width: Your Thumb

31 Pairs of Spinal Nerves Cervical & Lumbar Enlargements

34
Q

This structure in the brain is important for memory.

A

Hippocampus

35
Q

The shallow groove that separates the temporal lobe from the parietal lobe.

A

Lateral sulcus

36
Q

The deep groove that separates the temporal lobe from the cerebellum

A

Transverse fissure

37
Q

Area responsible for filtering out sensory info so that you can concentrate

A

Midbrain

38
Q

Neurotransmitter is released from the the?

A

Presynaptic terminal

39
Q

What separates the R & L cerebral hemispheres?

A

Longitudinal fissure

40
Q

What structures would you expect to find in your cerebrum?

A

Basal nuclei, cortex, and corpus callosum

41
Q

What functions would you expect the cerebrum to perform?

A

Initiating skeletal muscle contraction and thinking of a list of “Preyisms”

42
Q

What structure is immediately superior to the pons?

A

The midbrain

43
Q

What is responsible for initiating muscular movement?

A

The cerebrum

44
Q

The cells that produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are called _____ and in the central nervous system (CNS) are called _____.

A

Schwan cells and oligodendrocytes

45
Q

What do the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland make up?

A

Diencephalon

46
Q

These star shaped neuroglial cells act as environmental regulators as they contribute greatly to the blood brain barrier

A

Astrocytes

47
Q

As it relates to your brain, which term does not fit with the other three: functional, sensory, association, and motor?

A

Functional

48
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for giving you the sensation that lead you to ask “Mr. Prey, can I go get a drink because I’m thirsty?”

A

Hypothalamus

49
Q

TRUE/FALSE: Altheimer’s disease is associated with a shortage of ACh and structural changes in the brain. AD patients represent nearly 1/2 of all people in nursing homes

A

True

50
Q

Which of the following activities is associated with the parasympathetic system: embarrassment, excitement, exercise, emergency, or diuresis

A

Diuresis

51
Q

What is the deep groove that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum?

A

The transverse fissure

52
Q

What is the area responsible for filtering out sensory information so that you can concentrate?

A

Midbrain

53
Q

Name the largest region of the brain

A

Cerebrum

54
Q

Select any and all structures that you would expect to find superficial to your brain: skull, meninges, CSF, or choroid plexus.

A

Skull, meninges, and CSF.

55
Q

As it relates to your brain, which term does not fit the other three: pons, midbrain, thalamus, or medulla oblongata

A

Thalamus

56
Q

What brain structure functions in water balance and appetite and is an integral component of the limbic system

A

Hypothalamus

57
Q

What cell lines the central cavities of the brain and the spinal cord and contains cilia that help circulate CSF?

A

Ependymal cells

58
Q

Which the following is not innervated by the autonomic system: smooth muscle, gastric glands, sweat glands, skeletal muscle, or cardiac muscle?

A

Skeletal muscle

59
Q

Select any and all answers that describe the functions of the brain stem: Control of respiratory rate, recalling memories, control vomiting, or control of emotions.

A

Control of respiratory rate and control of vomiting

60
Q

What area of your brain is responsible for analyzing the experience of taking this test on the computer?

A

Cerebrum

61
Q

Name the thin layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebrum responsible for communication

A

Cortex

62
Q

The cerebellum aids in the maintenance of what?

A

Balance and posture

63
Q

What separates the temporal lobe from the parietal lobe?

A

Lateral sulcus

64
Q

What is the correct order of protection of the brain and spinal cord starting superficially with the bone (cranium for brain and vertebrae for spinal cord) going deep?

A

Epidural space, Dura mater, Subdural space, Pia mater, Arachnoid space, Subarachnoid spaceEpidural space, dura mater, subdural space, arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space, and pia mater.

65
Q

Which of the following statements are true?
Endorphins are neurotransmitters that inhibit pain; its’ effects are mimicked by morphine. Dopamine is often referred to as a “feel good” neurotransmitter. Dopamine levels are deficient in Parkinson’s patients. Glutamate is important in learning and memory; also known as the “stroke neurotransmitter”.

A

All.

66
Q

What does the corpus callosum connect?

A

Right and left cerebral hemispheres

67
Q

Select all structures that are considered part of the CNS: The brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, heart, and spinal nerves

A

The brain and the spinal cord

68
Q

Broca’s area in the brain is associated with the ability to….?

A

Speak

69
Q

Decussation of the pyramids (crossing over) takes place in which portion of the brain

A

Medulla oblongata

70
Q

What is the approximate weight in pounds of the human brain

A

3.5

71
Q

The shallow groove that separates the temporal lobe from the parietal lobe is called what

A

Lateral sulcus

anatomy and physiology (12 decks)

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