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Anatomy & Physiology > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

0
Q

What makes up the appendicular skeleton?

A

Pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, upper & lower limbs

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1
Q

What makes up the axial skeleton?

A

Skull, vertebral column, bones of the thorax

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2
Q

Name a long bone?

A

Humerus, femur

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3
Q

Name a short bone?

A

Carpal

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4
Q

Name a flat bone?

A

Sternum

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5
Q

Name a sesamoid bone?

A

Patella

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6
Q

Name an irregular bone?

A

Vertebrae, mandible

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7
Q

What is the name of the c1 vertebrae?

A

Atlas

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8
Q

What is the name of the c2 vertebrae?

A

Axis

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9
Q

Put the vertebrae of the spine in order?

A

Cervical (1-7), thoracic (1-12), lumbar (1-5), sacrum (1-5 fused), cocyx

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10
Q

What bones make up the pectoral girdle?

A

Scapula, clavicle

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11
Q

What bones make up the pelvic girdle?

A

Ilium, ischium, pubis

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12
Q

Name some functions of the skeleton?

A

Support, protect,

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13
Q

What type of tissue is bone?

A

Specialised form of connective tissue

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14
Q

What is the name if bones collagenous matrix?

A

Osteoid

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15
Q

Osteoid calcifies through deposition of what?

A

Calcium & phosphate

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16
Q

What do the collagenous fibres & glycoproteins in osteoid do?

A

Confer strength & flexibility

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17
Q

What do mineral deposits in the osteoid do?

A

Give hardness & durability

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18
Q

What is the shaft of the bone called?

A

Diaphysis

19
Q

What is the epithelial membrane of the diaphysis called?

A

Periosteum

20
Q

What are the ends of a bone called?

A

Epiphyses

21
Q

What reduces friction at bones articulating surfaces?

A

Hyaline cartilage

22
Q

What is the name of the space filled by bone marrow within the bone?

A

Endosteum

23
Q

What variety of marrow is produced in long bones?

A

Yellow (fat)

24
Q

What marrow is produced by irregular & flat bones?

A

Red marrow

25
Q

What does bone marrow contain?

A

Haemotopietic tissue ( stem cells that give rise to blood cells)

26
Q

What do all bones house?

A

Nerve fibres & blood cells

27
Q

When does the developing skeleton fully mature?

A

Approx 20yrs

28
Q

What causes ossification?

A

Osteoid & minerals

29
Q

When is ossification fully complete?

A

Third decade of life

30
Q

Where in the bone does growth occur?

A

Epiphyseal growth plate

31
Q

What is the name of a bone forming cell?

A

Osteoblasts

32
Q

What is a mature bone cell called?

A

Osteocytes

33
Q

What is the name of the cell that remodels & replaces the skeleton?

A

Osteoclasts

34
Q

What do you need to maintain a healthy skeleton?

A

Exercise, balanced diet, adequate amounts of calcium, phosphorus, vitamins d,c & d

35
Q

Define compact bone?

A

Dense & consists tightly packed osteons

36
Q

Define spongy bone?

A

Contains many marrow filled spaces

37
Q

Define what a joint is?

A

Joints occur when 2 or more bones come together

38
Q

Name an immovable/ fibrous joint?

A

Skull bones

39
Q

Name a slightly movable/ cartilaginous joint?

A

Vertebrae, pubic ramus

40
Q

Name a freely movable/ synovial joint?

A

Knee (hinge), elbow (hinge), hip (ball & socket), shoulder (ball & socket)

41
Q

What makes a synovial joint different from others?

A

Separated by a cavity filled with synovial fluid

42
Q

Where is synovial fluid made?

A

Secreted by the synovial membrane

43
Q

What is the function of synovial fluid?

A

Permits friction free movement

44
Q

What is the name of the structure that supports a joint?

A

Ligament

45
Q

What is the name of the ligament located within a joint?

A

Intrascapular ligament

46
Q

What is the name of the ligament located outside a joint?

A

Extrascapular ligament

Anatomy & Physiology (15 decks)

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