Skeletal System Flashcards
What makes up the appendicular skeleton?
Pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, upper & lower limbs
What makes up the axial skeleton?
Skull, vertebral column, bones of the thorax
Name a long bone?
Humerus, femur
Name a short bone?
Carpal
Name a flat bone?
Sternum
Name a sesamoid bone?
Patella
Name an irregular bone?
Vertebrae, mandible
What is the name of the c1 vertebrae?
Atlas
What is the name of the c2 vertebrae?
Axis
Put the vertebrae of the spine in order?
Cervical (1-7), thoracic (1-12), lumbar (1-5), sacrum (1-5 fused), cocyx
What bones make up the pectoral girdle?
Scapula, clavicle
What bones make up the pelvic girdle?
Ilium, ischium, pubis
Name some functions of the skeleton?
Support, protect,
What type of tissue is bone?
Specialised form of connective tissue
What is the name if bones collagenous matrix?
Osteoid
Osteoid calcifies through deposition of what?
Calcium & phosphate
What do the collagenous fibres & glycoproteins in osteoid do?
Confer strength & flexibility
What do mineral deposits in the osteoid do?
Give hardness & durability
What is the shaft of the bone called?
Diaphysis
What is the epithelial membrane of the diaphysis called?
Periosteum
What are the ends of a bone called?
Epiphyses
What reduces friction at bones articulating surfaces?
Hyaline cartilage
What is the name of the space filled by bone marrow within the bone?
Endosteum
What variety of marrow is produced in long bones?
Yellow (fat)
What marrow is produced by irregular & flat bones?
Red marrow
What does bone marrow contain?
Haemotopietic tissue ( stem cells that give rise to blood cells)
What do all bones house?
Nerve fibres & blood cells
When does the developing skeleton fully mature?
Approx 20yrs
What causes ossification?
Osteoid & minerals
When is ossification fully complete?
Third decade of life
Where in the bone does growth occur?
Epiphyseal growth plate
What is the name of a bone forming cell?
Osteoblasts
What is a mature bone cell called?
Osteocytes
What is the name of the cell that remodels & replaces the skeleton?
Osteoclasts
What do you need to maintain a healthy skeleton?
Exercise, balanced diet, adequate amounts of calcium, phosphorus, vitamins d,c & d
Define compact bone?
Dense & consists tightly packed osteons
Define spongy bone?
Contains many marrow filled spaces
Define what a joint is?
Joints occur when 2 or more bones come together
Name an immovable/ fibrous joint?
Skull bones
Name a slightly movable/ cartilaginous joint?
Vertebrae, pubic ramus
Name a freely movable/ synovial joint?
Knee (hinge), elbow (hinge), hip (ball & socket), shoulder (ball & socket)
What makes a synovial joint different from others?
Separated by a cavity filled with synovial fluid
Where is synovial fluid made?
Secreted by the synovial membrane
What is the function of synovial fluid?
Permits friction free movement
What is the name of the structure that supports a joint?
Ligament
What is the name of the ligament located within a joint?
Intrascapular ligament
What is the name of the ligament located outside a joint?
Extrascapular ligament
