Blood Vessels

Question 0

What vessels are part part of the pulmonary circulation?

Answer 0

Great veins, veins, venules

Question 1

What blood vessels are part of the systemic circulation?

Answer 1

Aorta, arteries, arterioles

Question 2

What vessels are part of both the pulmonary & systemic circulation?

Answer 2

Capillaries

Question 3

What are the properties of the aorta?

Answer 3

Elastic artery, walls contain many many elastic fibres, elastic recoil during diastole helps to maintain high pressure during relaxation phase of cardiac cycle

Question 4

What type of tissue are arteries made from?

Answer 4

Smooth muscle

Question 5

What controls the arteries?

Answer 5

Autonomic nervous system

Question 6

What do artery walls contain?

Answer 6

Thick layer of smooth muscle, small amount of elastic fibres

Question 7

Arterioles are also muscular & are the principal site of what?

Answer 7

Vascular resistance

Question 8

Arterioles are distribution vessels. What do they supply blood to?

Answer 8

Capillaries

Question 9

What alters the diameter of the arterioles?

Answer 9

Autonomic nerves & hormones

Question 10

What causes vasoconstriction in most arterioles?

Answer 10

Sympathetic stimulation & adrenaline

Question 11

What are capillaries?

Answer 11

Exchange vessels running deep within tissues

Question 12

What are capillaries often referred to as?

Answer 12

Capillary beds

Question 13

What does the intricate network of capillaries provide?

Answer 13

Enormous surface area over which exchange can take place

Question 14

Why is exchange possible in capillaries?

Answer 14

Walls are 1 cell thick

Question 15

What is the purpose of the venous circulation?

Answer 15

Return blood to heart under low pressure

Question 16

What are the properties of a vein?

Answer 16

Thin walls, wide lumen, some have valves to stop back flow

Question 17

What aids venous return?

Answer 17

Locomotion (muscle pump) & breathing (respiratory pump)

Question 18

What fibres are found in the pulmonary trunk & arteries?

Answer 18

Elastic

Question 19

What fibres are found in the pulmonary arterioles?

Answer 19

Muscle

Question 20

What are the pulmonary capillaries adapted for?

Answer 20

Exchange

Question 21

What do the pulmonary venules do?

Answer 21

Collect blood from capillaries

Question 22

What do pulmonary veins have?

Answer 22

Thin walls

Question 23

Define blood pressure?

Answer 23

Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood on the walls of the blood vessels.

Question 24

Why do we measure blood pressure?

Answer 24

To check it is in the correct range for that person. | Establish a baseline against which to compare.

Question 25

What should blood pressure be high enough to maintain?

Answer 25

Blood flow to brain. But not so high that vessels are damaged.

Question 26

What generates blood pressure?

Answer 26

Pumping action of the heart.

Question 27

Where are blood pressures highest?

Answer 27

Aorta & large arteries

Question 28

What happens as blood flows around the circulation?

Answer 28

Pressure falls progressively

Question 29

Where is blood pressure lowest?

Answer 29

Great veins as bod returns to right atrium

Question 30

Where is blood pressure normally measured?

Answer 30

Systemic arteries

Question 31

Where is bp most often measured clinically?

Answer 31

Brachial artery (large arteries)

Question 32

Define systemic arterial blood pressure?

Answer 32

Systemic arterial blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the systemic arteries

Question 33

In what fashion does blood flow in arteries?

Answer 33

Pulsatile

Question 34

What causes fluctuations in arterial pressure?

Answer 34

Phase of the cardiac cycle

Question 35

When is it called when bp at its highest?

Answer 35

Systolic pressure

Question 36

What is it called when bp is at its lowest?

Answer 36

Diastolic pressure

Question 37

Define systolic?

Answer 37

The force exerted by the blood on the walls of the systemic arteries during heart contraction

Question 38

Define diastolic?

Answer 38

The force exerted by blood on the walls of the systemic arteries during heart relaxation

Question 39

What is bp measured in?

Answer 39

mmHg (milimetres of mercury) / SI units (pascals/kilopascals)

Question 40

How many mmHg is 1 kpa?

Answer 40

7.5mmHg

Question 41

Define pulse pressure?

Answer 41

Difference between. Systolic & diastolic pressure ( systolic - diastolic)

Question 42

What is a normal bp for a healthy adult?

Answer 42

120/80mmHg

Question 43

What can influence bp?

Answer 43

Age, gender, genetics, diet, weight, stress, smoking etc...

Question 44

What is hypertension?

Answer 44

High blood pressures & can damage vessells

Question 45

What is hypotension?

Answer 45

Low pressures. Can cause dizziness

Question 46

What characteristics of the cardiovascular system determine systemic arterial bp?

Answer 46

Cardiac output, resistance to blood through arteries

Question 47

What is the equation for bp?

Answer 47

Blood pressure = cardiac output x pressure

Question 48

What causes resistance to blood flow?

Answer 48

Diameter of blood vessels (influences by the autonomic nervous system & hormones). Overall length of blood vessels. Viscosity of blood.

Question 49

Short term regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure is brought about by what?

Answer 49

Negative feedback loop

Question 50

What receptors sense stretch/pressure in relation to bp?

Answer 50

Baroreceptors

Question 51

Where are baroreceptors located?

Answer 51

Carotid sinus & aortic arch

Question 52

What is the integrator related to bp?

Answer 52

Medulla oblongata

Question 53

What are the effectors for bp?

Answer 53

Vasoconstriction/vasodilation, heart rate