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Anatomy & Physiology > Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Blood Vessels Flashcards

0
Q

What vessels are part part of the pulmonary circulation?

A

Great veins, veins, venules

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1
Q

What blood vessels are part of the systemic circulation?

A

Aorta, arteries, arterioles

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2
Q

What vessels are part of both the pulmonary & systemic circulation?

A

Capillaries

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3
Q

What are the properties of the aorta?

A

Elastic artery, walls contain many many elastic fibres, elastic recoil during diastole helps to maintain high pressure during relaxation phase of cardiac cycle

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4
Q

What type of tissue are arteries made from?

A

Smooth muscle

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5
Q

What controls the arteries?

A

Autonomic nervous system

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6
Q

What do artery walls contain?

A

Thick layer of smooth muscle, small amount of elastic fibres

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7
Q

Arterioles are also muscular & are the principal site of what?

A

Vascular resistance

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8
Q

Arterioles are distribution vessels. What do they supply blood to?

A

Capillaries

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9
Q

What alters the diameter of the arterioles?

A

Autonomic nerves & hormones

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10
Q

What causes vasoconstriction in most arterioles?

A

Sympathetic stimulation & adrenaline

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11
Q

What are capillaries?

A

Exchange vessels running deep within tissues

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12
Q

What are capillaries often referred to as?

A

Capillary beds

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13
Q

What does the intricate network of capillaries provide?

A

Enormous surface area over which exchange can take place

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14
Q

Why is exchange possible in capillaries?

A

Walls are 1 cell thick

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15
Q

What is the purpose of the venous circulation?

A

Return blood to heart under low pressure

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16
Q

What are the properties of a vein?

A

Thin walls, wide lumen, some have valves to stop back flow

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17
Q

What aids venous return?

A

Locomotion (muscle pump) & breathing (respiratory pump)

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18
Q

What fibres are found in the pulmonary trunk & arteries?

A

Elastic

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19
Q

What fibres are found in the pulmonary arterioles?

A

Muscle

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20
Q

What are the pulmonary capillaries adapted for?

A

Exchange

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21
Q

What do the pulmonary venules do?

A

Collect blood from capillaries

22
Q

What do pulmonary veins have?

A

Thin walls

23
Q

Define blood pressure?

A

Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood on the walls of the blood vessels.

24
Q

Why do we measure blood pressure?

A

To check it is in the correct range for that person.

Establish a baseline against which to compare.

25
Q

What should blood pressure be high enough to maintain?

A

Blood flow to brain. But not so high that vessels are damaged.

26
Q

What generates blood pressure?

A

Pumping action of the heart.

27
Q

Where are blood pressures highest?

A

Aorta & large arteries

28
Q

What happens as blood flows around the circulation?

A

Pressure falls progressively

29
Q

Where is blood pressure lowest?

A

Great veins as bod returns to right atrium

30
Q

Where is blood pressure normally measured?

A

Systemic arteries

31
Q

Where is bp most often measured clinically?

A

Brachial artery (large arteries)

32
Q

Define systemic arterial blood pressure?

A

Systemic arterial blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the systemic arteries

33
Q

In what fashion does blood flow in arteries?

A

Pulsatile

34
Q

What causes fluctuations in arterial pressure?

A

Phase of the cardiac cycle

35
Q

When is it called when bp at its highest?

A

Systolic pressure

36
Q

What is it called when bp is at its lowest?

A

Diastolic pressure

37
Q

Define systolic?

A

The force exerted by the blood on the walls of the systemic arteries during heart contraction

38
Q

Define diastolic?

A

The force exerted by blood on the walls of the systemic arteries during heart relaxation

39
Q

What is bp measured in?

A

mmHg (milimetres of mercury) / SI units (pascals/kilopascals)

40
Q

How many mmHg is 1 kpa?

A

7.5mmHg

41
Q

Define pulse pressure?

A

Difference between. Systolic & diastolic pressure ( systolic - diastolic)

42
Q

What is a normal bp for a healthy adult?

A

120/80mmHg

43
Q

What can influence bp?

A

Age, gender, genetics, diet, weight, stress, smoking etc…

44
Q

What is hypertension?

A

High blood pressures & can damage vessells

45
Q

What is hypotension?

A

Low pressures. Can cause dizziness

46
Q

What characteristics of the cardiovascular system determine systemic arterial bp?

A

Cardiac output, resistance to blood through arteries

47
Q

What is the equation for bp?

A

Blood pressure = cardiac output x pressure

48
Q

What causes resistance to blood flow?

A

Diameter of blood vessels (influences by the autonomic nervous system & hormones).
Overall length of blood vessels.
Viscosity of blood.

49
Q

Short term regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure is brought about by what?

A

Negative feedback loop

50
Q

What receptors sense stretch/pressure in relation to bp?

A

Baroreceptors

51
Q

Where are baroreceptors located?

A

Carotid sinus & aortic arch

52
Q

What is the integrator related to bp?

A

Medulla oblongata

53
Q

What are the effectors for bp?

A

Vasoconstriction/vasodilation, heart rate

Anatomy & Physiology (15 decks)

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