Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology > Intergumentary System > Flashcards

Intergumentary System Flashcards

0
Q

What type of epithelium is the epidermis?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What are the functions of the skin?

A

Protect underlying structures from injury & invasion by microbes.
Protect against infection-mechanical barrier & sebum (oil) inhibits growth of certain bacteria.
Protects against harmful effects of the sun.
Hair protects head from injury & the sun.
Contains sensory nerve endings for pain, temperature & touch.
Regulates body temperature.
Excretion of waste products-salts, certain foods (garlic).
Vitamin D synthesis.
Prevents excessive water loss or entry.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many laters does the epidermis have?

A

5 main layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the name of the base layer?

A

Stratum basale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the epidermis consist of?

A

Dead cells filled with keratin & a fatty matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the properties of the epidermis?

A

Waterproof, abrasion-resistant barrier.

Has no blood supply.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of epithelia is the stratum basale?

A

Single layer of cuboidal or columnar cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the stratum basale separate?

A

Epidermis & dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of cells is the stratum basale?

A

Germinal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the stratum basale do?

A

Divides rapidly to provide a continuous source of new skin cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are new skin cells called?

A

Keratinocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do keratinocytes do?

A

Migrate up towards the surface changing characteristics until they are shed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What other than keratinocytes is found in the epidermis?

A

Melanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do melanocytes contain?

A

Melanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

If uv light is actioned on a substance called 7-dehydrocholestrol. What is produced?

A

Vitamin d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the purpose of the dermis?

A

Strong, stretchy layer that helps hold the body together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of tissue is the dermis & what does it contain?

A

Dense connective tissue containing collagen & elastic fibres.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the difference of the dermis between males & females?

A

Thinner in females.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is located in the dermis?

A

Structures that enable the skin to carry out many functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Dermis contains a fibrous protein arranged in bundles that lies mostly parallel with the skins surface. What is this called?

A

Collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What gives the dermis flexibility?

A

Elastic fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do ruptures elastic fibres cause?

A

Stretch marks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the clinical term for stretch marks?

A

Striae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What in the dermis decreases with age?

A

Number of elastic fibres

24
Q

Sunlight may damage fibres in the dermis regardless of the presence of what?

A

Melanin

25
Q

What are intertwined in the dermis?

A

Blood vessels, lymph vessels & nerve endings.

26
Q

What causes the natural folds & creases of the skin?

A

Langar lines (cleavage lines)

27
Q

What does the dermis do to help prevent separation of dermis & epidermis?

A

Forms ridges & hollows

28
Q

What is the hypodermis?

A

Adipose tissue (adipocytes) & loose connective tissue

29
Q

What is the hypodermis responsible for?

A

Fat distribution ( gives body shape), attaches skin to underlying tissue, provides mechanical support, acts as an energy store

30
Q

What are hairs?

A

Down growth of epidermal cells into the dermis.

Formed by multiplication of cells at bulb.

31
Q

Hair grow from follicles at their base. What is this cluster of cells called?

A

Bulb

32
Q

What is the process in which hairs are made?

A

Cells are pushed upward away from source of nutrition, they die & are then keratinised.

33
Q

What is the name of the muscle that causes piloerection?

A

Arrector pili

34
Q

How many types of sweat gland are there in the skin?

A

3

35
Q

What is the most numerous type of swear gland?

A

Eccrine glands

36
Q

Where are ecceine glands most abundant?

A

Palms of hands, soles of feet & forehead.

37
Q

What do eccrine glands secrete?

A

Sweat (salt solution)

38
Q

What is the purpose of sweat?

A

Allows the skin to cool as it evaporates.

39
Q

How much sweat is it possible to loose for short periods during exercise or hot weather?

A

6ltr/hr

40
Q

How much do we sweat in cold conditions?

A

500ml per day (insensible water loss)

41
Q

What gland is larger than eccrine & most numerous in the axillae, genital area & around nipples?

A

Apocrine gland

42
Q

What does apocrine sweat contain that makes it thicker & stickier?

A

Protein, fats & other substances

43
Q

What breaks down sweat on the surface of the skin?

A

Bacteria

44
Q

What can the bacteria breakdown of sweat cause?

A

Unpleasant odour / body odour

45
Q

When do apocrine glands begin to function

A

Puberty

46
Q

What glands are found everywhere except hands & feet, neck, scalp & back?

A

Sebacious (oil) glands

47
Q

What do sebacious glands secrete?

A

Sebum

48
Q

What does sebum contain?

A

Fatty substance containing cholesterol & other lipids.

49
Q

What do sebacious glands secrete onto?

A

Hair follicles or directly onto the skin.

50
Q

Where would you find ceruminous glands?

A

Ear canal

51
Q

What do ceruminous glands secrete?

A

Ear wax

52
Q

The skin contains receptors that can detect what?

A

Pressure, stretch, vibration, tickle, itch, pain, temperature, pressure

53
Q

What nerves are found in the skin?

A

Pacinian corpuscle, ruffinis corpuscle, free nerve endings, meissners corpuscle, merkel discs

54
Q

What is the purpose of the cutaneous circulation?

A

Skin can contribute to control of body temperature.
Arterioles carry oxygenated blood into dermis.
Capillaries (capillary loop) drain into network of small veins within dermis.
Larger veins carry deoxygenated blood away

55
Q

The ears, nose, fingertips & lips have additional blood vessels known as?

A

Arterio-venous (av) anastomoses

56
Q

The epidermis has no direct blood supply. So how does it receive its oxygen & nutrients?

A

Diffusion

57
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

Narrowing of the blood vessels

58
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

Widening of the blood vessels

Anatomy & Physiology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions