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Anatomy & Physiology > Kidneys & body Fluid > Flashcards

Kidneys & body Fluid Flashcards

0
Q

What is the body water % of male, female & neonate?

A

Adult male 60%
Adult female 50%
Neonate 75%

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1
Q

Define what water is & what does it do?

A

Universal solvent
Gives volume & turgor (pressure) to cells (intracellular fluid)
Vital component of blood & the fluid between cells (interstitial fluid)
Maintains whole body regulation

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2
Q

What body compartment holds the most fluid?

A

Intracellular fluid (28 ltrs)

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3
Q

What body compartment holds the least fluid?

A

Transcellular fluid (0.8ltrs)

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4
Q

What are the 4 types of fluid compartments?

A

Intracellular, transcellular, Interstial, blood plasma

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5
Q

What compartment holds more fluid? Interstitial/ blood plasma

A

Interstial (10.4 ltrs)

Blood plasma ( 2.8 ltrs)

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6
Q

How does water move between fluid compartments?

A

Osmosis

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7
Q

What is the rule to maintain fluid balance?

A

To maintain fluid balance, fluids in must be equal to fluids out.

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8
Q

Cellular metabolism makes some of the bodies water. How?

A

O2 + glucose = energy + CO2 + H2O

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9
Q

How is fluid balance achieved?

A

Balance between fluid intake (thirst) and urine output.

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10
Q

What triggers thirst?

A

Body fluids become too concentrated.

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11
Q

What receptors measure fluid levels?

A

Osmoreceptors

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12
Q

Where are osmoreceptors located?

A

Hypothalmus

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13
Q

Where is the integrator for fluid balance located?

A

Hypothalmus

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14
Q

What does the hypothalamic integrator regulate?

A

Water intake via thirst mechanism.

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15
Q

What regulates water loss via urine?

A

Kidneys

16
Q

What are the kidneys responsible for?

A

Elimination of water- soluble waste materials
Fluid volume regulation
Electrolyte balance
Plasma pH regulation

17
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

18
Q

How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

A

Around 1 million (tiny tubular structures)

19
Q

What is the job of the nephron?

A

Form urine of the appropriate volume & composition.
To ensure fluid balance.
To maintain plasma electrolyte & pH levels within normal range.

20
Q

What are the 3 processes involved in urine formation?

A

Glomerular filtration
Selective reabsorption
Tubular secretion

21
Q

What is glomerular filtration?

A

Forms a filtrate of plasma.

22
Q

What is selective reabsorption?

A

Process by which substances may be absorbed from the filtrate back into the peritubular blood.

23
Q

What is tubular secretion?

A

Process by which substances may be added to the filtrate from the peritubular blood.

24
Q

Where does glomerular filtration take place?

A

Bowman’s capsule

25
Q

When does filtration take place within bowman’s capsule?

A

As blood flows through the glomerular tuft.

26
Q

What part of bowman’s capsule has tiny gaps between the cell making them leaky?

A

Capillary membrane & membrane lining

27
Q

What is the function of the capillary membrane & membrane lining (double sac)?

A

Allows solutes and water to pass through but restraining larger substances.

28
Q

What substances are filtered & enter bowman’s space?

A 
Water
Electrolytes
Glucose
Amino acids
Urea
Small metabolic waste molecules
29
Q

What substances are too big to be filtered by bowman’s capsule?

A

Blood cells
Plasma proteins
Large metabolic waste molecules

30
Q

What is the name of the fluid that enters bowman’s capsule as a result of filtration?

A

Glomerular filtrate

31
Q

Glomerular filtrate is formed at what rate?

A

Around 120 mls/min (glomerular filtration rate)

32
Q

What % of blood passes through the glomerular capillaries & undergoes filtration?

A

20%

33
Q

What is the filtration fraction?

A

% of blood that passes through the glomerular capillaries & undergoes filtration. (20%)

Anatomy & Physiology (15 decks)

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