Cells Flashcards
How many chromosomes does a somatic cell contain?
23 Pairs
What does a cells nucleus house?
DNA within chromosomes
How many chromosomes does a gamete contain?
23 unpaired chromosomes
Where would you find gamete cells?
Ova & sperm
What does the nucleus control
Cell division
What is the human diploid number?
46
What is the human haploid number?
23
What do cells require in order to carry out their functions?
Energy
What is the name of the membrane that surrounds a cell?
Plasma membrane
What is the purpose of the plasma membrane?
Give the cell its shape & structural integrity & regulate substances in and out of the cell
When identical diploid daughter cells divide it is called?
Mitosis
What is the purpose of mitosis?
Grow & repair tissue
What is the division of non-identical daughter cells called?
Meiosis
What organelle in cells manufactures the production of the organelles that synthesize protein?
Nucleus
What are the organelles that synthesize new proteins called?
Ribosomes
Where are ribosomes found?
Rough ER or in polyribosomes within cytoplasm
Which organelle has a double mambrane and produces energy?
Mitochondria
What is the inner folded membrane of a Mitochondria called?
Cristae
What does the Mitochondria house?
Enzymes involved in metabolism
What two elements does the Mitochondria use to produce energy?
Oxygen & glucose
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water = ENERGY
What is energy stored as in a cell?
Adenosine TriPhosphate (ATP)
What type of cell does not have a Mitochondria?
Red blood cells
What can Mitochodria do that most other organelles cant?
Divide independently of their host cell.
Why can Mitochondria divide independently?
They posses DNA
What organelle contains enzymes that allow it to digest unwanted materials?
Lysosome
Where do lysosomes derive from?
Golgi apparatus
What is the Golgi Apparatus?
Series of flattened membranous sacks involved in packaging proteins.
What organelle has both smooth & rough varieties?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
What is the ER associated with?
Nucleur envelope
What is housed in the rough ER & why is it important?
Houses ribosomes. Important in protein synthesis.
What is the smooth ER involved in?
Lipid (fat) synthesis
What type of membrane transport uses diffusion to move down a concentration gradient and does not require energy?
Passive transport
What type of membrane transport is facilitated & requires a protein carrier to assist movement across a membrane?
Carrier mediated transport
What type of membrane transport is the movement of water from a solution if more dilute to a solution more concentrated?
Osmosis
What membrane transport occurs against a concentration gradient & requires energy from the breakdown of ATP?
Active transport
What is the breakdown of ATP called?
Hydrolysis
What membrane transport is a way of transporting large quantities of substances/ large particles across plasma membranes?
Bulk transport
What is the process in which cell eating & debris engulfing takes place?
Phagocytosis
What is exocytosis?
Injected out of cell
