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Anatomy & Physiology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

0
Q

How many chromosomes does a somatic cell contain?

A

23 Pairs

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1
Q

What does a cells nucleus house?

A

DNA within chromosomes

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2
Q

How many chromosomes does a gamete contain?

A

23 unpaired chromosomes

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3
Q

Where would you find gamete cells?

A

Ova & sperm

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4
Q

What does the nucleus control

A

Cell division

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5
Q

What is the human diploid number?

A

46

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6
Q

What is the human haploid number?

A

23

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7
Q

What do cells require in order to carry out their functions?

A

Energy

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8
Q

What is the name of the membrane that surrounds a cell?

A

Plasma membrane

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9
Q

What is the purpose of the plasma membrane?

A

Give the cell its shape & structural integrity & regulate substances in and out of the cell

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10
Q

When identical diploid daughter cells divide it is called?

A

Mitosis

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11
Q

What is the purpose of mitosis?

A

Grow & repair tissue

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12
Q

What is the division of non-identical daughter cells called?

A

Meiosis

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13
Q

What organelle in cells manufactures the production of the organelles that synthesize protein?

A

Nucleus

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14
Q

What are the organelles that synthesize new proteins called?

A

Ribosomes

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15
Q

Where are ribosomes found?

A

Rough ER or in polyribosomes within cytoplasm

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16
Q

Which organelle has a double mambrane and produces energy?

A

Mitochondria

17
Q

What is the inner folded membrane of a Mitochondria called?

A

Cristae

18
Q

What does the Mitochondria house?

A

Enzymes involved in metabolism

19
Q

What two elements does the Mitochondria use to produce energy?

A

Oxygen & glucose

20
Q

What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

A

Glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water = ENERGY

21
Q

What is energy stored as in a cell?

A

Adenosine TriPhosphate (ATP)

22
Q

What type of cell does not have a Mitochondria?

A

Red blood cells

23
Q

What can Mitochodria do that most other organelles cant?

A

Divide independently of their host cell.

24
Q

Why can Mitochondria divide independently?

A

They posses DNA

25
Q

What organelle contains enzymes that allow it to digest unwanted materials?

A

Lysosome

26
Q

Where do lysosomes derive from?

A

Golgi apparatus

27
Q

What is the Golgi Apparatus?

A

Series of flattened membranous sacks involved in packaging proteins.

28
Q

What organelle has both smooth & rough varieties?

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

29
Q

What is the ER associated with?

A

Nucleur envelope

30
Q

What is housed in the rough ER & why is it important?

A

Houses ribosomes. Important in protein synthesis.

31
Q

What is the smooth ER involved in?

A

Lipid (fat) synthesis

32
Q

What type of membrane transport uses diffusion to move down a concentration gradient and does not require energy?

A

Passive transport

33
Q

What type of membrane transport is facilitated & requires a protein carrier to assist movement across a membrane?

A

Carrier mediated transport

34
Q

What type of membrane transport is the movement of water from a solution if more dilute to a solution more concentrated?

A

Osmosis

35
Q

What membrane transport occurs against a concentration gradient & requires energy from the breakdown of ATP?

A

Active transport

36
Q

What is the breakdown of ATP called?

A

Hydrolysis

37
Q

What membrane transport is a way of transporting large quantities of substances/ large particles across plasma membranes?

A

Bulk transport

38
Q

What is the process in which cell eating & debris engulfing takes place?

A

Phagocytosis

39
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

Injected out of cell

Anatomy & Physiology (15 decks)

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