Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the functions of the skeletal systems?
Structure, Protection, support and shape for the body, synthesis of blood and immune cells, and stores calcium, phosphate and lipids
What are the different type of bones?
Long, short, flat, irregular
Dimensions of the long bones
Longer lengths, shorter widths
Which parts of the body make up the long bones?
Arms and legs
What are some examples of long bones
Femur, Humerus, Ulna, Radius, Tibia, Fibula
What are at the end of long bones?
Growth platesW
What are the two types of marrows?
Yellow Marrow and Red bone marrow
What is the yellow marrow?
Stores lipids
What is the red bone marrow
Site of blood cells production (RBCs, WBCs, platelets)
Where is the red bone marrow located
At the ends of the long bones
Dimensions of short bones
Length and width are the same length
Examples of short bones
carpal (wrist) and patella (ankle)
Traits of short bones
Thin and flat – used to protect vital organs
Examples of irregular bones
coxa (hip) and vertebrae
What are joints?
Where bones meet other bones
What joints are movable?
Ball and socket joint. Ex. hips and shoulders
What are ligaments
bones are attached to other bones
What is an example of an immovable joint
Skull
What are is the purpose of hyaline cartilage?
Prevents bones from grinding against each other
What are Synovial joints
- Movable joints with fluid-filled cavity
-reduces friction– allows smooth movements
What are osteons
tubular structures where bones are synthesized
What do osteons consist of
- calcium and phosphate-rich hydroxyapatite embedded in a collagen matrix
- Functional units of compact bone
- AKA haversian system
What are bones covered by
Periosteum– fibrous sheath. Contains of blood vessels and nervous
What are the two types of bone cells
Multinucleated osteoclasts and Mononucleated osteoblasts
Purposes of Mononucleate osteoblasts
- Replaces cartilage
- secrete mineral deposits that from the matrix
What are common bone disease?
Osteoporosis, Arthritis, Brittle Bone disease
Correlation between skeletal and muscular system
Involved in movement
Osteoporosis
A disease that causes brittle, fragile bones
Osteoarthritis
Degenerative joint disease
Long bones
Bones that have a pronounced longitudinal axis
Growth plate
Hyaline cartilage in long bones where bone elongation happens. Also known as the epiphyseal plate
Short bones
Bones that are similar in both length and width, such as those found in the wrist. They have limited articulation with each other as gliding joints
Flat bones
Thin bones that have a plate-like shape, such as bones of the cranium
Irregular bones
Bones that do not fit into the three bone shape categories: flat bone, long bone, short bone
Joints
Places in the skeletal system where bones meet other bones. Some joints are movable, and some are immovable because the bones are fused together
Ball-and-socket joints
A type of synovial joint where a rounded bone end (ball) fits into a cup-like cavity (socket), allowing movement in multiple directions, including rotation. Ex. include the shoulder and hip joints
Immovable
Joints, such as those between the plates of the skull, that do not allow motion
Ligaments
A tough connective tissue that attaches bone to bone
Hyaline cartilage
The kind of connective tissue that protects bone in articulating joints
Cartilage
The primary structural protein of connective tissue
Hinge joint
A joint that allows for flexion and extension of the more distal bone along only one plane
Osteons
Tubular structures that make up compact bone
Compact (dense) bones
Bone containing densely packed osteons that make up the peripheral layer of bone
Osteocytes
Osteocytes are star-shaped cells that maintain bone and are able to sense physical stresses
Lacunae
Microscopic pits in bones that contain osteocytes and connect to each other within an osteon by way of canaliculi
Periosteum
A thin layer that surrounds bone and is the surface for attachment of tendons and ligaments
Osteoclasts
Cells that REMOVE bone cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes are star-shaped cells that maintain bone and are able to sense physical stresses. Their long projections connect to each other through the canaliculi of bones
Brittle bone disease
(Osteogenesis imperfecta) A group of diseases that affect collagen and result in fragile bones
Prime mover
The contracting muscle in the pair of muscles that is involved in a given movement; also called the agonist
Antagonist
The relaxed muscle in the pair of muscles that is involved in a given movement
Composition of the bone
Osteon, periosteum, osteon of compact bone, trabeculae of spongy bone, haversian canal. volkmann’s canal
Composition of the osteon
Lacunae, lamellae, canaliculi
Anatomy of the skull
Cranium and mandible
Anatomy of the spinal column
Cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae
Anatomy of chest
clavicle, sternum, scapula, ribs
Parts of the arms
Humerus, ulna, radius
Parts of the hand
carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
Parts of the hips
pelvis, sacrum, coccyx
Parts of the legs
Femur, patella, tibia, fibula
Parts of the foot
tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
