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TEAs: Anatomy > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal systems?

A

Structure, Protection, support and shape for the body, synthesis of blood and immune cells, and stores calcium, phosphate and lipids

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2
Q

What are the different type of bones?

A

Long, short, flat, irregular

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3
Q

Dimensions of the long bones

A

Longer lengths, shorter widths

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4
Q

Which parts of the body make up the long bones?

A

Arms and legs

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5
Q

What are some examples of long bones

A

Femur, Humerus, Ulna, Radius, Tibia, Fibula

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6
Q

What are at the end of long bones?

A

Growth platesW

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7
Q

What are the two types of marrows?

A

Yellow Marrow and Red bone marrow

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8
Q

What is the yellow marrow?

A

Stores lipids

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9
Q

What is the red bone marrow

A

Site of blood cells production (RBCs, WBCs, platelets)

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10
Q

Where is the red bone marrow located

A

At the ends of the long bones

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11
Q

Dimensions of short bones

A

Length and width are the same length

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12
Q

Examples of short bones

A

carpal (wrist) and patella (ankle)

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13
Q

Traits of short bones

A

Thin and flat – used to protect vital organs

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14
Q

Examples of irregular bones

A

coxa (hip) and vertebrae

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15
Q

What are joints?

A

Where bones meet other bones

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16
Q

What joints are movable?

A

Ball and socket joint. Ex. hips and shoulders

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17
Q

What are ligaments

A

bones are attached to other bones

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18
Q

What is an example of an immovable joint

A

Skull

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19
Q

What are is the purpose of hyaline cartilage?

A

Prevents bones from grinding against each other

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20
Q

What are Synovial joints

A
  • Movable joints with fluid-filled cavity
    -reduces friction– allows smooth movements
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21
Q

What are osteons

A

tubular structures where bones are synthesized

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22
Q

What do osteons consist of

A
  1. calcium and phosphate-rich hydroxyapatite embedded in a collagen matrix
  2. Functional units of compact bone
  3. AKA haversian system
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23
Q

What are bones covered by

A

Periosteum– fibrous sheath. Contains of blood vessels and nervous

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24
Q

What are the two types of bone cells

A

Multinucleated osteoclasts and Mononucleated osteoblasts

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25
Q

Purposes of Mononucleate osteoblasts

A
  1. Replaces cartilage
  2. secrete mineral deposits that from the matrix
26
Q

What are common bone disease?

A

Osteoporosis, Arthritis, Brittle Bone disease

27
Q

Correlation between skeletal and muscular system

A

Involved in movement

28
Q

Osteoporosis

A

A disease that causes brittle, fragile bones

29
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Degenerative joint disease

30
Q

Long bones

A

Bones that have a pronounced longitudinal axis

31
Q

Growth plate

A

Hyaline cartilage in long bones where bone elongation happens. Also known as the epiphyseal plate

32
Q

Short bones

A

Bones that are similar in both length and width, such as those found in the wrist. They have limited articulation with each other as gliding joints

33
Q

Flat bones

A

Thin bones that have a plate-like shape, such as bones of the cranium

34
Q

Irregular bones

A

Bones that do not fit into the three bone shape categories: flat bone, long bone, short bone

35
Q

Joints

A

Places in the skeletal system where bones meet other bones. Some joints are movable, and some are immovable because the bones are fused together

36
Q

Ball-and-socket joints

A

A type of synovial joint where a rounded bone end (ball) fits into a cup-like cavity (socket), allowing movement in multiple directions, including rotation. Ex. include the shoulder and hip joints

37
Q

Immovable

A

Joints, such as those between the plates of the skull, that do not allow motion​​​​​​​

38
Q

Ligaments

A

A tough connective tissue that attaches bone to bone

39
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

The kind of connective tissue that protects bone in articulating joints

40
Q

Cartilage

A

The primary structural protein of connective tissue

41
Q

Hinge joint

A

A joint that allows for flexion and extension of the more distal bone along only one plane

42
Q

Osteons

A

Tubular structures that make up compact bone

43
Q

Compact (dense) bones

A

Bone containing densely packed osteons that make up the peripheral layer of bone

44
Q

Osteocytes

A

Osteocytes are star-shaped cells that maintain bone and are able to sense physical stresses

45
Q

Lacunae

A

Microscopic pits in bones that contain osteocytes and connect to each other within an osteon by way of canaliculi

46
Q

Periosteum

A

A thin layer that surrounds bone and is the surface for attachment of tendons and ligaments

47
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Cells that REMOVE bone cells

48
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Osteocytes are star-shaped cells that maintain bone and are able to sense physical stresses. Their long projections connect to each other through the canaliculi of bones

49
Q

Brittle bone disease

A

(Osteogenesis imperfecta) A group of diseases that affect collagen and result in fragile bones

50
Q

Prime mover

A

The contracting muscle in the pair of muscles that is involved in a given movement; also called the agonist

51
Q

Antagonist

A

The relaxed muscle in the pair of muscles that is involved in a given movement

52
Q

Composition of the bone

A

Osteon, periosteum, osteon of compact bone, trabeculae of spongy bone, haversian canal. volkmann’s canal

53
Q

Composition of the osteon

A

Lacunae, lamellae, canaliculi

54
Q

Anatomy of the skull

A

Cranium and mandible

55
Q

Anatomy of the spinal column

A

Cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae

56
Q

Anatomy of chest

A

clavicle, sternum, scapula, ribs

57
Q

Parts of the arms

A

Humerus, ulna, radius

58
Q

Parts of the hand

A

carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

59
Q

Parts of the hips

A

pelvis, sacrum, coccyx

60
Q

Parts of the legs

A

Femur, patella, tibia, fibula

61
Q

Parts of the foot

A

tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

62
Q
A

TEAs: Anatomy (13 decks)

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