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TEAs: Anatomy > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of the respiratory system

A

Helps the body take in oxygen for energy and get rid of CO2 (waste prouct)

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2
Q

Breathing involves…

A

Inhaling O2 and exhaling CO2

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3
Q

Ventilation

A

Gas exchange in the lungs

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4
Q

First step of Gas exchange

A

Air enters through nasal openings

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5
Q

Second step of gas exchange

A

Moves into nasal cavity

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6
Q

Third step of gas exchange

A

travels to trachea

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7
Q

fourth step of gas exchange

A

air continues to the right and left primary bronchi

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8
Q

Fifth step of gas exchange

A

Travels to right bronchus and continues to the right lung

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9
Q

Sixth step of gas exchange

A

directed to left bronchus continues to left lung

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10
Q

Seventh step of gas exchange

A

Right and left bronchi subdivide into bronchioles

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11
Q

Eight step of gas exchange

A

Bronchioles terminate in alveoli

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12
Q

Cells

A

Basic structural unit of an organism

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13
Q

Alveoli

A

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place

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14
Q

Surfactant

A

lipoprotein–substance that reduces the surface tension

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15
Q

Organ systems

A

Functional groups of organs that work together within the body: circulatory, integumentary, skeletal, reproductive digestive, urinary, respiratory, endocrine, lymphatic muscular, nervous

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16
Q

Ventilation

A

The exchange of oxygen with carbon dioxide in the lungs

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17
Q

What is ventilation?

in terms of movement

A

combination of muscle action and negative pressure

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18
Q

Contracted lungs

A

↑ volume of lungs, ↓ pressure of lungs

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19
Q

Relaxed lungs

A

↓ volume of lungs, ↑ pressure of lungs

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20
Q

Trachea

A

The windpipe, which connects the larynx to the lungs

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21
Q

Bronchi

A

The main passageways directly attached to the lungs

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22
Q

Bronchioles

A

Small passages in the lungs that connect bronchi to alveoli

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23
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

Mediastinum – area between the two lungs

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24
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

Three – superior, middle, inferior

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25
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

Two– Superior and Inferior

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26
Q

What does each lung contain?

what kind of fluid?

A

Pleura and Pleural fluid

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27
Q

Where is the lungs located?

A

Thoracic Cavity

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28
Q

Heart

A

Muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body

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29
Q

Pleura

A

A tough, protective double membrane around the lungs and inside the chest cavity

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30
Q

Capillaries

A

small vessels that connect smaller arteries, called arterioles, to smaller veins, called venules, and carry out gas exchange

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31
Q

Diffusion

A

passive movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

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32
Q

Passive Transport

A

passive movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

33
Q

Tidal volume

A

the amount of air breathed in a normal inhalation or exhalation

34
Q

Factors affecting the respiratory system

A

Environmental, Genetic, pathogens

35
Q

What does environmental pollutants damage in the lungs?

A

Cilia

36
Q

What does environmental pollutants cause?

A

Emphysema, allergies, inflammation

37
Q

Allergies

A

an immune response to a foreign agent that is not a pathogen

38
Q

Inflammation

A

The resulting redness, swelling, heat, and pain in an area of defense by innate immunity

39
Q

Genetic conditions that affect the respiratory system

A

Lung surfactant insufficiency, asthma, cystic fibrosis

40
Q

Diseases

A

a condition that deteriorates the normal functioning of the cells, tissues, and/or organs

41
Q

Viruses

A

a noncellular entity that consists of a nucleic acid core (DNA/RNA) surrounded by a protein coat

42
Q

Immune system

A

a system that protects the body from disease-causing agents known as pathogens by responding to substances on the surfaces of agents that body perceives as foreign

43
Q

Organs in the respiratory system

A

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Left Bronchus, Right Bronchus, Bronchioles, Left lung, Right lung, diaphragm, heart

44
Q

Purpose of the nasal cavity

A

Air is warmed, humidified, and filtered by mucus and hair

45
Q

Purpose of the pharynx

A

Junction for both food and air

46
Q

Purpose for the Larynx

A

Voice box

47
Q

Purpose of the Trachea

A

Cylinder tube with rings of cartilage that provides support

48
Q

How many Bronchi are there

A

Two: Left and right bronchi

49
Q

How many lobes are in the right bronchi

A

Three

50
Q

How many Lobes are in the Left bronchi

A

Two

51
Q

In the bronchi, how many bronchi are there up until the bronchioles

A

primary, secondary, tertiary

52
Q

What are bronchioles?

A

Smaller branches of bronchial airways

53
Q

What does the bronchioles breakdown to

A

Terminole and Respiratory bronchioles

54
Q

What are alveoli

A

lots of tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange

55
Q

What is the conducting zone?

A

transports air from the outside environment to the site of the gas exchange

56
Q

What is the Conducting zone also known as?

A

Anatomical Dead Space– no gas exchange occurs in this area

57
Q

What structures are associated with the Conducting zone?

A

Nose, Mouth, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles

58
Q

What is the respiratory zone?

A

Structure in the lungs where gas exchange occurs

59
Q

What are the structures involved in the Respiratory zone?

A

Respiratory Bronchioles up to alveoli

60
Q

How are the Cardiovascular System and the Respiratory system interconnected?

A

O2 delivery and CO2 pickup

61
Q

How are the Muscular System and the Respiratory system interconnected?

A

Intercostal, diaphragm, abdominal wall muscles work together to expand and contract the thoracic cavity

62
Q

How are the Skeletal system and respiratory system connected?

A

The ribs protect the lungs by placing a cage around them

63
Q

How are the Nervous system and respiratory system connected?

A

Pace of breathing is regulated by using pH

64
Q

What does the pH measure?

A

hydrogen ion concentration

65
Q

If a substance is acidic, does the Hydrogen concentration increase or decrease?

A

Increase (H+)

66
Q

If a substance is basic, does the Hydrogen concentration increase or decrease?

A

Decrease (OH-)

67
Q

What is Inspiration

A

Air is drawn into the lungs

68
Q

What happens to the diaphragm muscles and external intercostal muscles when we breathe in?

A

They contract

69
Q

What happens to the diaphragm and thoracic cavity when we breathe?

A

Diaphragm pushes down and thoracic cavity volume increases

70
Q

What is expiration?

A

air is pushed out from the lungs

71
Q

What happens to the diaphragm muscle and external intercostal muscles when we exhale?

A

Relaxes

72
Q

What happens to the Diaphragm and thoracic cavity when we exhale?

A

Volume decreases

73
Q

What does it mean when we hyperventilate?

A

Fast breathing is caused by basic pH. Increase in O2 (hyperoxia) and decrease in CO2 (hypocapnia)

74
Q

Hyperoxia

A

A lot of O2

75
Q

Hypocapnia

A

Low in CO2

76
Q

What is hypoventilation?

A

Slow breathing caused by acidity in pH. Hypoxia, Hypercapnia

77
Q

Hypoxia

A

Low in O2

78
Q

Hypercapnia

A

High in CO2

TEAs: Anatomy (13 decks)

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