Respiratory System Flashcards
Purpose of the respiratory system
Helps the body take in oxygen for energy and get rid of CO2 (waste prouct)
Breathing involves…
Inhaling O2 and exhaling CO2
Ventilation
Gas exchange in the lungs
First step of Gas exchange
Air enters through nasal openings
Second step of gas exchange
Moves into nasal cavity
Third step of gas exchange
travels to trachea
fourth step of gas exchange
air continues to the right and left primary bronchi
Fifth step of gas exchange
Travels to right bronchus and continues to the right lung
Sixth step of gas exchange
directed to left bronchus continues to left lung
Seventh step of gas exchange
Right and left bronchi subdivide into bronchioles
Eight step of gas exchange
Bronchioles terminate in alveoli
Cells
Basic structural unit of an organism
Alveoli
Tiny air sacs in the lungs where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place
Surfactant
lipoprotein–substance that reduces the surface tension
Organ systems
Functional groups of organs that work together within the body: circulatory, integumentary, skeletal, reproductive digestive, urinary, respiratory, endocrine, lymphatic muscular, nervous
Ventilation
The exchange of oxygen with carbon dioxide in the lungs
What is ventilation?
in terms of movement
combination of muscle action and negative pressure
Contracted lungs
↑ volume of lungs, ↓ pressure of lungs
Relaxed lungs
↓ volume of lungs, ↑ pressure of lungs
Trachea
The windpipe, which connects the larynx to the lungs
Bronchi
The main passageways directly attached to the lungs
Bronchioles
Small passages in the lungs that connect bronchi to alveoli
Where is the heart located?
Mediastinum – area between the two lungs
How many lobes does the right lung have?
Three – superior, middle, inferior
How many lobes does the left lung have?
Two– Superior and Inferior
What does each lung contain?
what kind of fluid?
Pleura and Pleural fluid
Where is the lungs located?
Thoracic Cavity
Heart
Muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body
Pleura
A tough, protective double membrane around the lungs and inside the chest cavity
Capillaries
small vessels that connect smaller arteries, called arterioles, to smaller veins, called venules, and carry out gas exchange
Diffusion
passive movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Passive Transport
passive movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Tidal volume
the amount of air breathed in a normal inhalation or exhalation
Factors affecting the respiratory system
Environmental, Genetic, pathogens
What does environmental pollutants damage in the lungs?
Cilia
What does environmental pollutants cause?
Emphysema, allergies, inflammation
Allergies
an immune response to a foreign agent that is not a pathogen
Inflammation
The resulting redness, swelling, heat, and pain in an area of defense by innate immunity
Genetic conditions that affect the respiratory system
Lung surfactant insufficiency, asthma, cystic fibrosis
Diseases
a condition that deteriorates the normal functioning of the cells, tissues, and/or organs
Viruses
a noncellular entity that consists of a nucleic acid core (DNA/RNA) surrounded by a protein coat
Immune system
a system that protects the body from disease-causing agents known as pathogens by responding to substances on the surfaces of agents that body perceives as foreign
Organs in the respiratory system
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Left Bronchus, Right Bronchus, Bronchioles, Left lung, Right lung, diaphragm, heart
Purpose of the nasal cavity
Air is warmed, humidified, and filtered by mucus and hair
Purpose of the pharynx
Junction for both food and air
Purpose for the Larynx
Voice box
Purpose of the Trachea
Cylinder tube with rings of cartilage that provides support
How many Bronchi are there
Two: Left and right bronchi
How many lobes are in the right bronchi
Three
How many Lobes are in the Left bronchi
Two
In the bronchi, how many bronchi are there up until the bronchioles
primary, secondary, tertiary
What are bronchioles?
Smaller branches of bronchial airways
What does the bronchioles breakdown to
Terminole and Respiratory bronchioles
What are alveoli
lots of tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange
What is the conducting zone?
transports air from the outside environment to the site of the gas exchange
What is the Conducting zone also known as?
Anatomical Dead Space– no gas exchange occurs in this area
What structures are associated with the Conducting zone?
Nose, Mouth, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles
What is the respiratory zone?
Structure in the lungs where gas exchange occurs
What are the structures involved in the Respiratory zone?
Respiratory Bronchioles up to alveoli
How are the Cardiovascular System and the Respiratory system interconnected?
O2 delivery and CO2 pickup
How are the Muscular System and the Respiratory system interconnected?
Intercostal, diaphragm, abdominal wall muscles work together to expand and contract the thoracic cavity
How are the Skeletal system and respiratory system connected?
The ribs protect the lungs by placing a cage around them
How are the Nervous system and respiratory system connected?
Pace of breathing is regulated by using pH
What does the pH measure?
hydrogen ion concentration
If a substance is acidic, does the Hydrogen concentration increase or decrease?
Increase (H+)
If a substance is basic, does the Hydrogen concentration increase or decrease?
Decrease (OH-)
What is Inspiration
Air is drawn into the lungs
What happens to the diaphragm muscles and external intercostal muscles when we breathe in?
They contract
What happens to the diaphragm and thoracic cavity when we breathe?
Diaphragm pushes down and thoracic cavity volume increases
What is expiration?
air is pushed out from the lungs
What happens to the diaphragm muscle and external intercostal muscles when we exhale?
Relaxes
What happens to the Diaphragm and thoracic cavity when we exhale?
Volume decreases
What does it mean when we hyperventilate?
Fast breathing is caused by basic pH. Increase in O2 (hyperoxia) and decrease in CO2 (hypocapnia)
Hyperoxia
A lot of O2
Hypocapnia
Low in CO2
What is hypoventilation?
Slow breathing caused by acidity in pH. Hypoxia, Hypercapnia
Hypoxia
Low in O2
Hypercapnia
High in CO2
