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TEAs: Anatomy > Immune System > Flashcards

Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of the Immune System

A

Protects the body from pathogens

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2
Q

What are the two types of immunity?

A

Innate and Adaptive system

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3
Q

What kind of response of does Innate Immune System?

A

Nonspecific response to pathogens

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4
Q

What are the three lines of defense?

A

First line: skin, mucus, and secretions
Second line: Phagocytes, specific proteins, inflammatory response
Adaptive immunity system

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5
Q

What kind of response does adaptive immune system?

A

Specific response

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6
Q

What are the functions of the immune system through barriers?

A

Prevents entry of pathogens– skin and secretions through acids, enzymes, and salts

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7
Q

What happens if external barriers are breached?

A

Cells and chemicals attack the pathogens

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8
Q

What if cells and chemicals attack the pathogens?

A

Identifies, targets, and remembers the pathogen

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9
Q

What are interferons?

A

proteins that interfere with the production of new viruses, are released if a virus enters the body

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10
Q

What are the two responses to specific pathogens?

A

Cellular and humoral immunity

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11
Q

What is cellular response

A

Destroys infected cells

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12
Q

What is Humoral response

A

destroys pathogens found in body fluids. Uses antibodies secreted by B cells

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13
Q

What are the functional cells

A

Lymphocytes – T cells and B cells

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14
Q

What are two ways to protect the body?

What types of immunities

A

Passive and Active Immunity

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15
Q

What is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)?

A

caused by the human immunodeficiency virus. Infects helper T cells and prevents them from activating cytotoxic T cells and B cells prevents the adaptive immune system from operating

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16
Q

What are allergies?

A

Overactive immune system can target innocuous foreign particles. Causing the body to overproduce huge amounts of antibodies that trigger a histamine release from mast cells

17
Q

Autoimmune disease

A

Conditions in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body

18
Q

Innate Defense

A

A nonspecific response to pathogens by the immune system

19
Q

Adaptive Defense

A

A specific response by the immune system to a given pathogen

20
Q

Innate Immune System

A

A collection of nonspecific barriers and cellular responses that serve as an inborn first and second line of defense against pathogens

21
Q

Adaptive Immune System

A

A kind of passive or active immunity in which antibodies to a particular antigen are present in the body

22
Q

B cells

A

Lymphocytes that mature in bone marrow and make antibodies in response to antigens

23
Q

T cells

A

White blood cells that mature in the thymus and participate in an immune response

24
Q

Commensal Microorganism

A

Microscopic organisms that live in or on the human body without causing it harm

25
Q

Histamine

A

A white blood cell secretion that triggers capillary permeability and vasodilatation

26
Q

Antimicrobial

A

A substance that kills or inhibits growth of microorganisms with minimal damage to the host

27
Q

Antigens

A

Substances on the surfaces of agents that act to identify them, to the body, as being native or foreign

28
Q

Antigen-presenting cell

A

A cell that displays foreign antigens with major histocompatibility complexes on their surfaces

29
Q

Helper T Cells

A

A type of lymphocyte that secretes interleukins, a protein that triggers the action of other cells, including the attack of foreign cells by the cytotoxic T cell

30
Q

Cytotoxic T cells

A

The category of lymphocyte that attacks foreign cells

31
Q

Cytokines

A

Cell signaling molecules released primarily by helper T cells and macrophages. Certain cytokines activate cytotoxic T cells

32
Q

Antibody

A

A blood protein that counteracts a specific antigen

33
Q

Memory cell

A

A lymphocyte that responds to an antigen upon reintroduction

34
Q

Active Immunity

A

Protection against a specific pathogen resulting from the production of antibodies in response to the presence of specific antigens

35
Q

Passive Immunity

A

Temporary immunity gained by a body that has acquired antibodies from an outside source

36
Q

Autoimmune disease

A

A pathology that results from the immune system mistaking part of the body as a pathogen

37
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

A progressive autoimmune disease that causes joint inflammation and pain

38
Q

Bone marrow

A

A soft material within spongy bone and medullary cavity of long bones

39
Q

Skeletal System

A

The system of bones in the body that provides protection for delicate organs and serves as the scaffold against which muscles pull for movement. It has three main functions: movement, protection, and storage of minerals and fat

TEAs: Anatomy (13 decks)

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