Immune System Flashcards
Purpose of the Immune System
Protects the body from pathogens
What are the two types of immunity?
Innate and Adaptive system
What kind of response of does Innate Immune System?
Nonspecific response to pathogens
What are the three lines of defense?
First line: skin, mucus, and secretions
Second line: Phagocytes, specific proteins, inflammatory response
Adaptive immunity system
What kind of response does adaptive immune system?
Specific response
What are the functions of the immune system through barriers?
Prevents entry of pathogens– skin and secretions through acids, enzymes, and salts
What happens if external barriers are breached?
Cells and chemicals attack the pathogens
What if cells and chemicals attack the pathogens?
Identifies, targets, and remembers the pathogen
What are interferons?
proteins that interfere with the production of new viruses, are released if a virus enters the body
What are the two responses to specific pathogens?
Cellular and humoral immunity
What is cellular response
Destroys infected cells
What is Humoral response
destroys pathogens found in body fluids. Uses antibodies secreted by B cells
What are the functional cells
Lymphocytes – T cells and B cells
What are two ways to protect the body?
What types of immunities
Passive and Active Immunity
What is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)?
caused by the human immunodeficiency virus. Infects helper T cells and prevents them from activating cytotoxic T cells and B cells prevents the adaptive immune system from operating
What are allergies?
Overactive immune system can target innocuous foreign particles. Causing the body to overproduce huge amounts of antibodies that trigger a histamine release from mast cells
Autoimmune disease
Conditions in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body
Innate Defense
A nonspecific response to pathogens by the immune system
Adaptive Defense
A specific response by the immune system to a given pathogen
Innate Immune System
A collection of nonspecific barriers and cellular responses that serve as an inborn first and second line of defense against pathogens
Adaptive Immune System
A kind of passive or active immunity in which antibodies to a particular antigen are present in the body
B cells
Lymphocytes that mature in bone marrow and make antibodies in response to antigens
T cells
White blood cells that mature in the thymus and participate in an immune response
Commensal Microorganism
Microscopic organisms that live in or on the human body without causing it harm
Histamine
A white blood cell secretion that triggers capillary permeability and vasodilatation
Antimicrobial
A substance that kills or inhibits growth of microorganisms with minimal damage to the host
Antigens
Substances on the surfaces of agents that act to identify them, to the body, as being native or foreign
Antigen-presenting cell
A cell that displays foreign antigens with major histocompatibility complexes on their surfaces
Helper T Cells
A type of lymphocyte that secretes interleukins, a protein that triggers the action of other cells, including the attack of foreign cells by the cytotoxic T cell
Cytotoxic T cells
The category of lymphocyte that attacks foreign cells
Cytokines
Cell signaling molecules released primarily by helper T cells and macrophages. Certain cytokines activate cytotoxic T cells
Antibody
A blood protein that counteracts a specific antigen
Memory cell
A lymphocyte that responds to an antigen upon reintroduction
Active Immunity
Protection against a specific pathogen resulting from the production of antibodies in response to the presence of specific antigens
Passive Immunity
Temporary immunity gained by a body that has acquired antibodies from an outside source
Autoimmune disease
A pathology that results from the immune system mistaking part of the body as a pathogen
Rheumatoid Arthritis
A progressive autoimmune disease that causes joint inflammation and pain
Bone marrow
A soft material within spongy bone and medullary cavity of long bones
Skeletal System
The system of bones in the body that provides protection for delicate organs and serves as the scaffold against which muscles pull for movement. It has three main functions: movement, protection, and storage of minerals and fat
