Endocrine System Flashcards
Purpose of the endocrine system
Regulates blood production, appetite, reproduction, brain function, sleep cycle, electrolyte balance, growth, sexual development, and response to stress and injury
Major glands of the endocrine system
Pineal, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal
What organs contain endocrine tissue
Pancreas, ovaries, testes
Where is the pituitary gland located?
hypothalamus
Where is the pineal gland located?
Middle of the brain
Where is the parathyroid gland located?
In the neck
Where is the adrenal gland located?
on top of each kidney
Different chemical structures of different hormones
lipid-base hormones, Polar hormones
What is a lipid-based hormone?
Regulates DNA and effects are long lasting
What is a polar hormone?
Released in response to stress, and their actions are short lived
What is hyperthyroidism?
The thyroid releases too much thyroxine
What is gigantism?
Pituitary gland makes too much growth hormone. Too much GH in children–gigantism. In adults: acromegaly
Correlation between CNS and Endocrine system
NS involved in rapid communication within the body as it detects stimuli and coordinates responses quickly
Negative Feedback
A mechanism that includes the monitoring for specific homeostatic levels and a signal to a gland. This signal stimulates or inhibits the gland’s secretion in order to maintain homeostasis or cause compensations that returns the level to homeostasis
Thyroid
The gland in the neck that secretes hormones that regulate growth, development, and metabolic rate
Parathyroid
An endocrine gland in the neck that produces parathyroid hormone
Thymus
The lymphoid organ that produces T-cells
Adrenal
produces hormones to regulate heart rate, blood pressure, and other functions
Pancreas
The gland of the digestive and endocrine systems that produces insulin and secretes pancreatic juices
Pineal gland
A small gland near the center of the brain that secretes melatonin
Sugar
The monomers used to build polysaccharides; also molecules made of two or a few monosaccharide units that are used for fuel in the body
Endocrine gland
A gland that secretes hormones. A duct-less gland
Epinephrine
A polar, water-soluble hormone released by the adrenals in response to stress. Also known as adrenaline
Diabetes
Pathologically high blood sugar levels that result from a pancreatic hormone regulation malfunction
Growth hormone
A secretion of the anterior pituitary that stimulates tissue growth. Also known as somatotropin
Positive feedback
A mechanism that stimulates glandular secretions to continue to increase, temporarily pushing levels further out of homeostasis, until a particular biological effect is reached (e.g., expulsion of the fetus during childbirth)
Oxytocin
A hormone made by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary. One of its functions is to stimulate uterine contractions during childbirth
Cervix
The passage that forms the lower part of the uterus
Releasing hormones
Chemical messengers that stimulate the production of certain hormones
Inhibiting Hormones
restrict the production of certain hormones
Example of Negative feedback
Glucose of intake
Example of positive feedback
childbirth
