Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RADIOLOGIC PATHOLOGY > SKELETAL SYSTEM > Flashcards

SKELETAL SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)?

A

BRITTLE BONE DISEASE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two clinical groups of Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)?

A
  1. OI congenita – fractures in utero;
  2. OI tarda – fractures at birth or later.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does Achondroplasia result in?

A

Bone deformity and dwarfism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the clinical features of Achondroplasia?

A

Short stature (around 4 feet), bowed legs, lumbar lordosis, bulky forehead, midface hypoplasia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the most common inherited bone growth disorder?

A

Achondroplasia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Osteopetrosis also known as?

A

Marble Bone Disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the main characteristic of Osteopetrosis?

A

Increased bone density and defective bone contour.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Syndactyly?

A

Failure of fingers/toes to separate, leading to webbed digits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is Syndactyly treated?

A

Surgery, usually recommended before age 2.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Polydactyly?

A

Presence of extra digits, typically treated with surgery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the three types of Polydactyly?

A

Pre-axial, Post-axial, Central.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Clubfoot (Talipes)?

A

A congenital malformation of the foot that prevents normal weight bearing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)?

A

A malformation of the acetabulum, causing the femur head to be displaced.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can untreated Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip lead to?

A

Uneven limb length, muscle weakness, and abnormal gait.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Scoliosis?

A

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

At what age does Scoliosis typically occur?

A

During adolescence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Spina Bifida?

A

Incomplete closure of the vertebral canal, common in the lumbosacral region.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Craniosynostosis?

A

Premature closure of cranial sutures, altering head shape.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Anencephaly?

A

A condition where the cranial vault and brain do not form, often resulting in early death.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Osteomyelitis?

A

Infection of the bone and bone marrow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is Tuberculosis of the bone most likely to affect?

A

Pott’s Disease
The hip, knee, and spine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is Psoriatic Arthritis?

A

Inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis, typically affecting the DIP joints.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What joints are most affected by Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?

A

Small joints, symmetrically.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is Ankylosing Spondylitis also known as?

A

Marie-Strumpell disease or Bamboo Spine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does Ankylosing Spondylitis affect?

A

Mainly the spine, causing the sacroiliac joints to ankylose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is Osteoarthritis commonly known as?

A

Degenerative Joint Disease or Wear-and-Tear Arthritis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the common areas affected by Osteoarthritis?

A

Hands, hips, and knees.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is Gouty Arthritis?

A

An inherited metabolic disorder causing excess uric acid to deposit in joints.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is Bursitis?

A

Inflammation of the fluid-filled sacs (bursae) near joints, often affecting shoulders, elbows, and hips.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Anterior slipping of a vertebra.

A

SPONDYLOLISTHESIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the hallmark appearance of Spondylolysis on radiographs?

A

A “scotty dog” with a “broken neck” appearance.

32
Q

What is the most common benign bone tumor?

A

Osteochondroma (Exostosis).

33
Q

Where is Osteochondroma most commonly found?

A

Lower femur or upper tibia.

34
Q

What is Osteoma?

A

A slow-growing benign tumor, most commonly located in the skull.

35
Q

What does an Endochondroma consist of?

A

Hyaline cartilage; it is a slow-growing benign tumor.

36
Q

What are Simple Unicameral Bone Cysts filled with?

A

Fluid, surrounded by a wall of fibrous tissue.

37
Q

What is the characteristic radiographic appearance of Giant Cell Tumor (Osteoclastoma)?

A

A “soap bubble” appearance.

38
Q

What is the most common primary malignancy of the skeleton (excluding myeloma)?

A

Osteosarcoma.

39
Q

Where does Osteosarcoma most commonly occur?

A

In the metaphysis of long bones, with 50% affecting the knee.

40
Q

What age group does Ewing Sarcoma most commonly affect?

A

Children aged 5 to 15 years.

41
Q

What is an Aneurysmal Bone Cyst?

A

A benign blood-filled lesion in the bone.

42
Q

What is a Bone Island also known as?

A

Enostosis, a noncancerous lesion within the bone.

43
Q

What is the primary cause of Multiple Myeloma?

A

Cancer of the bone marrow.

44
Q

What is Osteoporosis characterized by?

A

Loss of bone mass across the entire skeleton.

45
Q

What surgical technique is used for limb lengthening in Achondroplasia?

A

The Ilizarov procedure.

46
Q

What is Albers-Schonberg disease another name for?

A

Autosomal dominant osteopetrosis.

47
Q

What is the key characteristic of Albers-Schonberg disease?

A

Increased bone density with fairly normal bone contour.

48
Q

What does Craniotubular Dysplasia cause?

A

Increased bone density and defective bone contour, primarily in the cranium and long bones.

49
Q

What is Craniosynostosis associated with?

A

Premature or early closure of cranial sutures.

50
Q

What is another term for Congenital Clubfoot?

A

TALIPES EQUINOVARUS

51
Q

What is the difference between Complete and Incomplete Syndactyly?

A

Complete involves the whole fingers being joined, while Incomplete involves partial joining.

52
Q

How is Polydactyly classified based on digit location?

A

Pre-axial (thumb/big toe)
Post-axial (little finger/little toe)
Central (between fingers/toes).

53
Q

What type of casting is used for Clubfoot treatment?

A

Ponseti casting.

54
Q

What is the most common cause of Transitional Vertebra?

A

Occurs at the junction between the thoracic and lumbar spine or lumbar and sacral spine.

55
Q

What condition results in a gap in the vertebral canal and commonly affects the lumbosacral spine?

A

Spina Bifida.

56
Q

What is Infectious Arthritis?

A

Inflammation of the joint caused by bacterial infections such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococci, and Neisseria gonorrhea.

57
Q

What joint is first affected in Ankylosing Spondylitis?

A

The sacroiliac joints.

58
Q

What is another term for Ankylosing Spondylitis?

A

Bamboo Spine.

59
Q

What is the cause of Gouty Arthritis?

A

Excess amounts of uric acid deposited in the joints.

60
Q

What is the primary location for Bursitis to occur?

A

Shoulders, elbows, and hips.

61
Q

What is Anterolisthesis?

A

Anterior slipping of the vertebral body.

62
Q

Posterior slipping of the vertebral body.

A

RETROLISTHESIS

63
Q

A benign bone tumor that most commonly occurs in the skull.

A

OSTEOMA

64
Q

What are the radiographic features of Giant Cell Tumor?

A

Soap bubble appearance, especially at the ends of long bones.

65
Q

What is Multiple Myeloma?

A

A type of bone marrow cancer.

66
Q

What disease results in accelerated bone resorption leading to decreased bone density?

A

Osteoporosis.

67
Q

What condition affects the immature skeleton, causing bone deformities due to poor mineralization?

A

Rickets.

68
Q

What are common sites affected by Paget’s Disease?

A

pelvis, skull, spine, and legs.

69
Q

What is the main characteristic of Paget’s Disease?

A

Interference with the normal bone recycling process, causing abnormal bone structure.

70
Q

What is a Pathologic Fracture?

A

A break in a bone caused by an underlying disease rather than injury.

71
Q

What are the three types of fractures based on cause?

A

Trauma fractures,
Pathologic fractures
Stress fractures.

72
Q

What causes Stress Fractures?

A

Repetitive force or overuse, often in weight-bearing bones.

73
Q

What is the Battered-Child Syndrome?

A

Injuries sustained by a child as a result of repeated mistreatment or physical abuse.

74
Q

What does a subtractive (lytic) disease process indicate in radiology?

A

A destructive process decreasing normal tissue density, requiring a decrease in exposure technique.

75
Q

What does an additive (sclerotic) disease process indicate in radiology?

A

An increase in normal tissue density, requiring an increase in exposure technique.

RADIOLOGIC PATHOLOGY (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions