HEMOPOEITIC SYSTEM Flashcards
A hereditary disorder causing abnormal hemoglobin levels, leading to sickle-shaped RBCs and organ failure.
Sickle Cell Disease
A hereditary disorder due to a deficiency in plasma clotting factor VIII, affecting males.
Hemophilia A
What is Hemophilia B?
Caused by a deficiency in plasma clotting factor IX, similar in presentation to Hemophilia A.
Affects both males and females due to deficiency in plasma clotting factor XI.
Hemophilia C
What is von Willebrand Disease?
hereditary bleeding disorder caused by a defect in von Willebrand factor, leading to nosebleeds and gastrointestinal bleeding.
Inherited disorders of hemoglobin, common in Mediterranean or African populations.
Thalassemias
A cancer of B cells in the plasma leading to bone damage, anemia, and renal issues.
Multiple Myeloma
Neoplastic disease causing overproduction of WBCs, disrupting normal blood production.
Leukemia
Affects both children and adults, leading to anemia, fatigue, and bone pain.
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
Mostly affects individuals over 60 years old, with asymptomatic onset and lymph node enlargement.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
What is Acute Myelocytic Leukemia (AML)?
Rapidly progressing leukemia that affects the bone marrow and organs.
What is Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia (CML)?
Slowly progressing leukemia, leading to bone pain and splenomegaly.
What is Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
malignancy of lymphoid cells found in lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen.
Characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, affects lymphoid tissue.
Hodgkin Lymphoma
A fungal infection common in AIDS patients, affecting the lungs.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
A common malignancy in AIDS patients, affecting skin and lungs.
Kaposi Sarcoma
Used to evaluate blood cell counts, infections, or malignancies.
Bone Marrow Biopsy
responsible for the production of blood cells in the body.
Hemopoietic System
A condition resulting from the destruction of red blood cells.
Hemolytic Anemia
Large, abnormal lymphocytes characteristic of Hodgkin Lymphoma.
Reed-Sternberg Cells
Infections that occur more frequently in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as HIV patients.
Opportunistic Infections
Enlargement of the spleen, commonly associated with leukemia.
Splenomegaly
A treatment method for leukemia and other blood-related disorders.
Bone Marrow Transplant
Treatment using radiation, used in cancers like Hodgkin lymphoma.
Radiation Therapy
What is hemoglobin?
protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body.
An organ involved in the production and removal of blood cells, commonly affected in leukemia.
Spleen
A condition in which the blood lacks enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen.
Anemia
A condition characterized by elevated calcium levels in the blood, common in multiple myeloma.
Hypercalcemia
The presence of excess proteins in the urine, often linked to multiple myeloma.
Proteinuria
Discrete osteolytic regions in bones seen in multiple myeloma patients.
Punched-out Lesions
A bacterial infection that affects the lungs and is commonly seen in HIV patients.
Tuberculosis (TB)
Small multifocal lung infiltrates seen in early-stage HIV-associated pneumonia.
Ground Glass Lesions
AIDS
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus,
A virus that can cause infections in immunocompromised individuals, including HIV patients.
Cytomegalovirus
Swelling of the lymph nodes, often seen in infections or cancers like lymphoma.
Lymphadenopathy
A type of white blood cell involved in the immune response, affected in multiple myeloma.
B-Cells
What are T-cells?
A type of white blood cell involved in immune response, targeted by HIV.
Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells, used in treatment for diseases like lymphoma.
Monoclonal Antibodies
A subtype of white blood cells, involved in fighting infections, abnormal in leukemia patients.
Lymphocytes
What is hematopoiesis?
process of blood cell formation
An infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs, common in HIV and IV drug users.
Pneumonia
A complete or partial collapse of a lung or a section (lobe) of a lung.
Atelectasis
Pneumonia resulting from blocked airways, often due to cancer or infection.
Postobstruction Pneumonia
A type of inheritance pattern where two copies of an abnormal gene must be present to develop a disease.
Autosomal Recessive Disorder
The removal or depletion of oxygen, which causes cells to become sickle-shaped in sickle cell disease.
Deoxygenation
Blockage of blood vessels, leading to tissue damage and pain in sickle cell disease.
Vessel Occlusion
Pneumonia caused by less common bacteria, viruses, or fungi, often seen in sickle cell patients.
Atypical Pneumonia
A condition where red blood cells are destroyed faster than they are produced, leading to anemia.
Chronic Hemolytic Anemia
Bone fractures that occur due to disease, such as in multiple myeloma.
Pathologic Fractures
The presence of excess proteins in urine, a common sign of renal damage in multiple myeloma.
Proteinuria
A fungal infection of the lungs common in immunocompromised individuals, especially those with AIDS.
Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia
