REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards
What congenital anomaly of the uterus involves paired uterine horns extending into the fallopian tubes?
Bicornuate uterus.
What is the most common congenital anomaly of the female reproductive system?
Bicornuate uterus.
What is a unicornuate uterus?
A uterus with an elongated cavity and a single fallopian tube.
What condition involves the complete duplication of the uterus, cervix, and vagina?
Uterus didelphys.
What is the most common cause of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?
Bacterial infection of the fallopian tubes.
What are the primary bacterial causes of PID?
Gonococcus, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus.
What condition is an infection of the breast, often occurring during lactation?
Mastitis
What bacteria most commonly cause mastitis?
Staphylococcus aureus.
What is a common imaging challenge in diagnosing mastitis?
Engorgement of breast tissue can obscure imaging results.
What is the most common ovarian cyst type in reproductive-aged women?
Follicular ovarian cysts.
What is a dermoid cyst (benign cystic teratoma)?
A germ cell tumor containing tissues like hair and teeth.
What is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy?
Cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary.
What benign breast tumor consists of fibrous and glandular tissue?
Fibroadenoma.
What condition is the most common disorder of the female breast?
Fibrocystic breasts.
What is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women?
Breast carcinoma.
What are common risk factors for breast cancer?
Early menstruation
late menopause
family history,
BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations.
What are the common forms of breast carcinoma?
Ductal carcinoma in situ and lobular carcinoma in situ.
What condition involves the development of an embryo outside the uterine cavity?
Ectopic pregnancy.
What is the most common site of ectopic pregnancy?
The fallopian tube.
What condition involves the placenta covering part or all of the cervical os?
Placenta previa.
What is placental abruption?
Premature separation of the placenta from the uterus.
What is polyhydramnios?
Excessive amniotic fluid during pregnancy.
What is oligohydramnios?
Too little amniotic fluid
What condition involves abnormal conception with no fetus present?
Hydatidiform mole.
What is cryptorchidism?
Undescended testes.
What is prostatic hyperplasia, and what causes it?
Benign enlargement of the prostate, often due to aging.
What is adenocarcinoma of the prostate?
A common form of prostate cancer.
A benign, solid tumor of the uterus, also known as a uterine fibroid.
leiomyoma
The most common malignancy of the uterus.
adenocarcinoma of the endometrium
Distension of the fallopian tube with fluid, often related to infection.
hydrosalpinx
what condition often results in chocolate cysts in the pelvis?
Endometriosis.
A disorder involving polycystic ovaries, leading to amenorrhea and sterility.
Stein-Leventhal syndrome
What is carcinoma of the cervix most commonly caused by?
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
What are uterine fibroids composed of?
Smooth muscle tissue.
A type of ovarian cyst that forms after ovulation and may cause pelvic discomfort.
corpus luteum cyst
What is a tubo-ovarian abscess?
infection that affects the fallopian tubes and ovaries, often due to PID.
What condition is associated with excessive androgen production in women, leading to infertility?
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).
What is a benign ovarian tumor containing hair, teeth, and other tissue types?
Dermoid cyst (benign cystic teratoma).
What is the most common cause of postmenopausal bleeding?
Endometrial carcinoma.
What hormone is overproduced in women with uterine fibroids?
Estrogen.
What condition is characterized by abnormal growth of epithelial cells around the neck of the uterus?
Cervical carcinoma or dysplasia.
What vaccine has been approved to prevent HPV and cervical cancer?
Gardasil.
What is the most common benign tumor of the female reproductive system?
Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas).
What is carcinoma of the endometrium often preceded by?
Endometrial hyperplasia.
What is the primary treatment for stage 0 endometrial cancer?
Hysterectomy.
What condition involves excessive fluid around a developing fetus?
Polyhydramnios.
What fetal abnormalities can result in oligohydramnios?
Poor kidney function or blocked ureters.
What is an invasive form of a hydatidiform mole called?
Choriocarcinoma.
What condition refers to a placenta that implants over the cervical opening?
Placenta previa.
What is placental abruption?
Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall.
What is placenta percreta?
A condition in which the placenta grows into the myometrium and does not separate properly at delivery.
What is prostatic hyperplasia?
Benign enlargement of the prostate gland.
What condition is characterized by excessive growth of the prostate gland’s central and median lobes?
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
What condition is characterized by swelling and inflammation of the testicles?
Orchitis.
What is epididymitis?
Inflammation of the epididymis, usually due to infection.
What is the most common form of testicular cancer?
Seminoma.
What is a hydrocele?
A fluid-filled sac around a testicle.
What is the most common benign tumor of the male reproductive system?
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
What is the most common malignancy in young men?
Testicular cancer.
What hormone is secreted by the testes and is responsible for male secondary sexual characteristics?
Testosterone.
What is Peyronie’s disease?
A condition in which fibrous scar tissue causes the penis to curve during erections.
What is a varicocele?
Enlarged veins in the scrotum.
Surgical removal of one or both testicles.
orchiectomy
A birth defect where the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis.
hypospadias
A cyst that forms in the epididymis, often filled with sperm.
spermatocele
