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RADIOLOGIC PATHOLOGY > GI SYSTEM > Flashcards

GI SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Congenital absence or closure of a normal body orifice/tubular organ.

A

Atresia

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2
Q

What is Esophageal Atresia?

A

A rare congenital anomaly where the esophagus fails to develop past a certain point, causing discontinuation.

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3
Q

What are common symptoms of Esophageal Atresia?

A

Excessive salivation, choking, gagging, dyspnea, and cyanosis.

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4
Q

What is the primary diagnostic sign of Esophageal Atresia?

A

Inability to pass a nasogastric (NG) tube into the stomach.Q

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5
Q

Discontinuation of the ileum; the most frequent type of bowel atresia.

A

Ileal Atresia

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6
Q

Absence of the duodenal lumen, causing complete obstruction of the GI tract.

A

Duodenal Atresia

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7
Q

What radiologic sign indicates Duodenal Atresia?

A

Double-bubble sign.

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8
Q

What is Colonic Atresia?

A

Failure of development of the distal rectum and anus.

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9
Q

What is a frequent complication of Colonic Atresia?

A

Fistula formation to the genitourinary system.

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10
Q

What is Imperforate Anus?

A

Absence of an anal opening to the exterior.

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11
Q

Another term for imperforate anus

A

anal agenesis

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12
Q

Congenital narrowing of the pyloric canal due to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the pyloric sphincter.

A

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (HPS)

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13
Q

What is the most common indication for surgery in infants?

A

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (HPS).

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14
Q

How is Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis typically diagnosed?

A

Through palpation of the “olive” sign or sonography.

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15
Q

What is Malrotation?

A

Condition where the intestines are not in their normal position.

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16
Q

What is the gold standard imaging modality for Malrotation?

A

Upper Gastrointestinal Series (UGIS).

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17
Q

absence of neurons in the bowel wall.

A

Hirschsprung Disease

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18
Q

another term for hirschsprung Disease?

A

Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon

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19
Q

What part of the bowel is typically affected by Hirschsprung Disease?

A

The sigmoid colon.

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20
Q

What is Meckel’s Diverticulum?

A

A congenital diverticulum of the distal ileum.

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21
Q

what symptoms mimic appendicitis but differ by location of pain?

A

Meckel’s Diverticulum.

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22
Q

What is Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy?

A

autoimmune hereditary disorder involving sensitivity to gluten.

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23
Q

another term for Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy

A

Celiac disease

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24
Q

What radiographic changes are seen in Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy?

A

Segmentation of the barium column, flocculation, and edematous mucosal changes.

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25
Q

Narrowing of the esophagus often caused by ingestion of caustic materials or GERD.

A

Esophageal Stricture

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26
Q

Backward flow of gastric acid and contents into the esophagus due to an incompetent cardiac sphincter.

A

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

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27
Q

What is a Peptic Ulcer?

A

Erosion of the mucous membrane, commonly in the duodenum or stomach.

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28
Q

What is the main symptom of a Peptic Ulcer?

A

Pain above the epigastrium, radiating throughout the abdomen.

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29
Q

Inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach and small bowel, often caused by bacterial contamination in food.

A

Gastroenteritis

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30
Q

What bacteria commonly cause Gastroenteritis?

A

Salmonella

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31
Q

What is Crohn’s Disease also known as?

A

Granulomatous Colitis.

32
Q

What is the radiographic appearance of Crohn’s Disease?

A

Cobblestone appearance due to mucosal edema and crisscrossing ulcerations.

33
Q

It appears when the terminal ileum is so stenotic that only a small amount of barium can pass through.

A

“string sign” in Crohn’s Disease?

34
Q

Inflammation of the vermiform appendix, often due to obstruction by a fecalith.

A

Appendicitis

35
Q

What are common symptoms of Appendicitis?

A

Pain in the RLQ, nausea, vomiting, and fever.

36
Q

An inflammatory lesion of the colonic mucosa, thought to be autoimmune in nature.

A

Ulcerative Colitis

37
Q

Loss of colon haustration seen in Ulcerative Colitis.

A

“lead pipe” sign

38
Q

What are complications of Ulcerative Colitis?

A

Toxic megacolon and colon strictures.

39
Q

Dilated, lengthened varicose veins in the esophagus, often caused by portal hypertension.

A

Esophageal Varices

40
Q

What imaging position best demonstrates Esophageal Varices?

A

Recumbent position.

41
Q

What is an Inguinal Hernia?

A

Protrusion of a bowel loop through the inguinal ring, common in men.

42
Q

What is a Hiatal Hernia?

A

Weakness of the esophageal hiatus, allowing the stomach to herniate into the thoracic cavity.

43
Q

What is the Schatzki Ring?

A

mucosal ring that protrudes into the esophageal lumen, often seen with Hiatal Hernias.

44
Q

Occlusion of the bowel lumen due to hernias, tumors, or adhesions.

A

Mechanical Bowel Obstruction?

45
Q

Twisting of a bowel loop about its mesenteric base, typically at the sigmoid or ileocecal junction.

A

Volvulus

46
Q

segment of bowel telescopes into a distal segment, causing obstruction.

A

Intussusception

47
Q

Gallstone erodes from the gallbladder and creates a fistula in the small bowel, leading to obstruction.

A

Gallstone Ileus

48
Q

Failure of normal peristalsis, often caused by surgery or infection.

A

Paralytic Ileus

49
Q

What is Achalasia?

A

Failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax, causing dysphagia.

50
Q

Radiographic sign of Achalasia, where the esophagus narrows near the LES.

A

“beaked” appearance

51
Q

An outpouching of mucosa that penetrates through the muscular layer of the esophagus.

A

Esophageal Diverticulum

52
Q

Another term for easophageal diverticulum

A

zenkers diverticulum

53
Q

What is the difference between Pulsion and Traction Esophageal Diverticulum?

A

Pulsion involves only mucosa
Traction involves all layers of the esophagus.

54
Q

Difference between diverticulosis and diverticulitis

A

DIVERTICULOSIS - Presence of diverticula in the colon without inflammation.

DIVERTICULITIS - Inflammation of a diverticulum, often in the sigmoid colon.

55
Q

Benign smooth muscle tumors found in the esophagus.

A

Leiomyomas

56
Q

Cancer that arises in the body of the esophagus.

A

Squamous Cell Carcinomas

57
Q

What is the most common site of stomach tumors?

A

pyloric and antrum regions of the stomach.

58
Q

What is a Colonic Polyp?

A

A small mass of tissue projecting inward into the bowel lumen.

59
Q

benign polyp that may undergo dysplastic changes to become malignant.

A

Adenomatous Polyp

60
Q

most common GI cancer.

A

Colorectal Cancer

61
Q

What is the most common type of Colorectal Cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma

62
Q

A radiographic sign of colorectal cancer, where the edges of the lesion overhang and form acute angles.

A

apple-core” lesion

63
Q

A hernia that can be pushed back into the abdominal cavity.

A

Reducible Hernia

64
Q

A hernia that becomes stuck and cannot be reduced.

A

Incarcerated Hernia?

65
Q

A hernia where the blood supply to the bowel loop is cut off.

A

Strangulated Hernia

66
Q

A sign of Intussusception, where a segment of the bowel telescopes into another.

A

“coiled spring”

67
Q

What are the common sites of Volvulus?

A

The sigmoid and ileocecal junctions.

68
Q

What is the most common location for Diverticulosis?

A

The sigmoid colon.

69
Q

What is the preferred imaging modality for diagnosing Peptic Ulcers?

A

Endoscopy.

70
Q

difficulty swallowing

A

Dysphagia

71
Q

Acute dilation of the colon due to colonic paralytic ileus, often a complication of Ulcerative Colitis.

A

Toxic Megacolon

72
Q

What is the best diagnostic test for Esophageal Diverticulum?

A

Barium swallow.

73
Q

polyp that is broad-based and attached directly to the bowel wall.

A

Sessile Polyp

74
Q

A polyp attached to the bowel wall by a stalk.

A

Pedunculated Polyp?

75
Q

A hereditary condition leading to multiple polyps in the colon, increasing the risk of colorectal cancer.

A

Familial Polyposis

RADIOLOGIC PATHOLOGY (13 decks)

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