GI SYSTEM Flashcards
Congenital absence or closure of a normal body orifice/tubular organ.
Atresia
What is Esophageal Atresia?
A rare congenital anomaly where the esophagus fails to develop past a certain point, causing discontinuation.
What are common symptoms of Esophageal Atresia?
Excessive salivation, choking, gagging, dyspnea, and cyanosis.
What is the primary diagnostic sign of Esophageal Atresia?
Inability to pass a nasogastric (NG) tube into the stomach.Q
Discontinuation of the ileum; the most frequent type of bowel atresia.
Ileal Atresia
Absence of the duodenal lumen, causing complete obstruction of the GI tract.
Duodenal Atresia
What radiologic sign indicates Duodenal Atresia?
Double-bubble sign.
What is Colonic Atresia?
Failure of development of the distal rectum and anus.
What is a frequent complication of Colonic Atresia?
Fistula formation to the genitourinary system.
What is Imperforate Anus?
Absence of an anal opening to the exterior.
Another term for imperforate anus
anal agenesis
Congenital narrowing of the pyloric canal due to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the pyloric sphincter.
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (HPS)
What is the most common indication for surgery in infants?
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (HPS).
How is Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis typically diagnosed?
Through palpation of the “olive” sign or sonography.
What is Malrotation?
Condition where the intestines are not in their normal position.
What is the gold standard imaging modality for Malrotation?
Upper Gastrointestinal Series (UGIS).
absence of neurons in the bowel wall.
Hirschsprung Disease
another term for hirschsprung Disease?
Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon
What part of the bowel is typically affected by Hirschsprung Disease?
The sigmoid colon.
What is Meckel’s Diverticulum?
A congenital diverticulum of the distal ileum.
what symptoms mimic appendicitis but differ by location of pain?
Meckel’s Diverticulum.
What is Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy?
autoimmune hereditary disorder involving sensitivity to gluten.
another term for Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy
Celiac disease
What radiographic changes are seen in Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy?
Segmentation of the barium column, flocculation, and edematous mucosal changes.
Narrowing of the esophagus often caused by ingestion of caustic materials or GERD.
Esophageal Stricture
Backward flow of gastric acid and contents into the esophagus due to an incompetent cardiac sphincter.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
What is a Peptic Ulcer?
Erosion of the mucous membrane, commonly in the duodenum or stomach.
What is the main symptom of a Peptic Ulcer?
Pain above the epigastrium, radiating throughout the abdomen.
Inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach and small bowel, often caused by bacterial contamination in food.
Gastroenteritis
What bacteria commonly cause Gastroenteritis?
Salmonella