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Anatomy And Physiology > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal system

A

Includes about 206 bones
Also includes cartilages, ligaments, connective tissue

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2
Q

What two skeletons is the skeletal system divided into?

A

Axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton

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3
Q

What bones are in the Axial skeleton? How many?

A

80 bones; skull and associated bones, thoracic cage, vertebral column

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the axial skeleton?

A

Supports and protects brain and spinal cord.
Provides attachment surface for muscles that adjust position of head, neck, trunk.
Perform respiratory movements
Stabilize parts of appendicular skeleton supporting limbs.

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5
Q

What bones are in the Appendicular skeleton? How many?

A

126 bones; bones of limbs and supporting girdles that connect limbs to trunk

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6
Q

Axial skeleton bones - 80

A

Skull and associated bones-29 (cranium-8,face-14,auditory ossicles-6, hyoid-1)
Thoracic cage-25 (sternum-1,ribs-24)
Vertebral column-26 (vertebrae-24,sacrum-1,coccyx-1)

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7
Q

Appendicular skeleton bones-126

A

Pectoral girdle-4 (clavicle-2,scapula-2)
Upper limbs-60 (humerus-2,radius-2,ulna-2,carpal bones-16,metacarpal bones-10,phalanges-28)
Pelvic girdle-2 (hip bone/coxal bone-2)
Lower limbs-60 (femur-2,patella-2,tibia-2,fibula-2,tarsal bones-14,metatarsal bones-10,phalanges-28)

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8
Q

What are the vital functions of the skeletal system?

A

Support, storage of minerals, blood cell production, protection, movement

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9
Q

Support

A

Provides structural support; framework for attachment of soft tissues and organs

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10
Q

Storage of minerals

A

Stores minerals that body needs to maintain normal concentrations of circulating calcium and phosphate.
Calcium is the most abundant mineral; normally contains 1-2kg/98% of that contained in bones

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11
Q

What does the skeletal system provide protection for?

A

Ribs - heart
Skull - brain
Vertebrae - spinal cord
Pelvis - digestive and reproductive organs

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12
Q

Skeletal system site of blood cell production

A

Red bone marrow (filling spongy bone spaces) site of production for red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

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13
Q

Bone classification

A

Flat, long, irregular, short

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14
Q

Flat bones

A

Parietal bone

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15
Q

Long bones

A

Humerus

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16
Q

Irregular bones

A

Vertebra

17
Q

Short bones

A

Carpal bones

18
Q

Surface features of the skull

A

Canal/meatus, sinus, foramen, process, fissure

19
Q

Features of a long bone

A

Epiphysis, diaphysis, epiphysis, articular cartilage

20
Q

Epiphysis

A

Expanded area at each end of the bone

21
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft; long and tubular, portion of the bone, wall composed of a thick layer of compact bone

22
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Covers parts of the epiphysis that articulate with other bones, avascular, relies on diffusion from synovial fluid for nutrients

23
Q

Marrow cavity

A

Space within the shaft of a long bone; filled with red and yellow bone marrow

24
Q

Red bone marrow

A

Red blood cell production

25
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

Adipose tissue; energy reserve

26
Q

Three types of bone cells

A

Osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts

27
Q

Calcium balance homeostatic regulation

A

Skeleton; Osteoclasts erode matrix and release calcium, osteoblasts use calcium to deposit new matrix.

28
Q

Epiphyseal line

A

Former location seen on X-rays

29
Q

Growth spurt at puberty in response to what hormones?

A

Sex hormones, growth hormone, thyroid hormone

30
Q

Three phases in the healing process of a fracture

A

Reactive phase, reparative phase, bone remodeling phase

31
Q

Reactive phase

A

Early inflammatory phase

32
Q

Reparative phase

A

Includes formation of a fibrocartilaginous callus first and a bony callus second

33
Q

Bone remodeling phase

A

Is the last step as the bony callus is remodeled

34
Q

2 broad categories of fractures

A

Closed (simple), open (compound)

35
Q

Types of fractures

A

Transverse, spiral, compression, green stick, comminuted, epiphyseal, colles

36
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Condition when loss of bone mass compromises function, contributes to vertebral fractures in elderly.

37
Q

Arthritis

A

All rheumatic diseases that affect synovial joints, damage to articular cartilages

38
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Ages 60+, cumulative effects of wear and tear on joints. Affects 25% of women and 15% of men over 60

39
Q

Arthroscopic surgery

A

Inserting flexible instruments through second incision to perform surgery

Anatomy And Physiology (8 decks)

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