Skeletal System

Question 1

Skeletal system

Answer 1

Includes about 206 bones
Also includes cartilages, ligaments, connective tissue

Question 2

What two skeletons is the skeletal system divided into?

Answer 2

Axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton

Question 3

What bones are in the Axial skeleton? How many?

Answer 3

80 bones; skull and associated bones, thoracic cage, vertebral column

Question 4

What is the purpose of the axial skeleton?

Answer 4

Supports and protects brain and spinal cord.
Provides attachment surface for muscles that adjust position of head, neck, trunk.
Perform respiratory movements
Stabilize parts of appendicular skeleton supporting limbs.

Question 5

What bones are in the Appendicular skeleton? How many?

Answer 5

126 bones; bones of limbs and supporting girdles that connect limbs to trunk

Question 6

Axial skeleton bones - 80

Answer 6

Skull and associated bones-29 (cranium-8,face-14,auditory ossicles-6, hyoid-1)
Thoracic cage-25 (sternum-1,ribs-24)
Vertebral column-26 (vertebrae-24,sacrum-1,coccyx-1)

Question 7

Appendicular skeleton bones-126

Answer 7

Pectoral girdle-4 (clavicle-2,scapula-2)
Upper limbs-60 (humerus-2,radius-2,ulna-2,carpal bones-16,metacarpal bones-10,phalanges-28)
Pelvic girdle-2 (hip bone/coxal bone-2)
Lower limbs-60 (femur-2,patella-2,tibia-2,fibula-2,tarsal bones-14,metatarsal bones-10,phalanges-28)

Question 8

What are the vital functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 8

Support, storage of minerals, blood cell production, protection, movement

Question 9

Support

Answer 9

Provides structural support; framework for attachment of soft tissues and organs

Question 10

Storage of minerals

Answer 10

Stores minerals that body needs to maintain normal concentrations of circulating calcium and phosphate.
Calcium is the most abundant mineral; normally contains 1-2kg/98% of that contained in bones

Question 11

What does the skeletal system provide protection for?

Answer 11

Ribs - heart
Skull - brain
Vertebrae - spinal cord
Pelvis - digestive and reproductive organs

Question 12

Skeletal system site of blood cell production

Answer 12

Red bone marrow (filling spongy bone spaces) site of production for red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

Question 13

Bone classification

Answer 13

Flat, long, irregular, short

Question 14

Flat bones

Answer 14

Parietal bone

Question 15

Long bones

Answer 15

Humerus

Question 16

Irregular bones

Answer 16

Vertebra

Question 17

Short bones

Answer 17

Carpal bones

Question 18

Surface features of the skull

Answer 18

Canal/meatus, sinus, foramen, process, fissure

Question 19

Features of a long bone

Answer 19

Epiphysis, diaphysis, epiphysis, articular cartilage

Question 20

Epiphysis

Answer 20

Expanded area at each end of the bone

Question 21

Diaphysis

Answer 21

Shaft; long and tubular, portion of the bone, wall composed of a thick layer of compact bone

Question 22

Articular cartilage

Answer 22

Covers parts of the epiphysis that articulate with other bones, avascular, relies on diffusion from synovial fluid for nutrients

Question 23

Marrow cavity

Answer 23

Space within the shaft of a long bone; filled with red and yellow bone marrow

Question 24

Red bone marrow

Answer 24

Red blood cell production

Question 25

Yellow bone marrow

Answer 25

Adipose tissue; energy reserve

Question 26

Three types of bone cells

Answer 26

Osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts

Question 27

Calcium balance homeostatic regulation

Answer 27

Skeleton; Osteoclasts erode matrix and release calcium, osteoblasts use calcium to deposit new matrix.

Question 28

Epiphyseal line

Answer 28

Former location seen on X-rays

Question 29

Growth spurt at puberty in response to what hormones?

Answer 29

Sex hormones, growth hormone, thyroid hormone

Question 30

Three phases in the healing process of a fracture

Answer 30

Reactive phase, reparative phase, bone remodeling phase

Question 31

Reactive phase

Answer 31

Early inflammatory phase

Question 32

Reparative phase

Answer 32

Includes formation of a fibrocartilaginous callus first and a bony callus second

Question 33

Bone remodeling phase

Answer 33

Is the last step as the bony callus is remodeled

Question 34

2 broad categories of fractures

Answer 34

Closed (simple), open (compound)

Question 35

Types of fractures

Answer 35

Transverse, spiral, compression, green stick, comminuted, epiphyseal, colles

Question 36

Osteoporosis

Answer 36

Condition when loss of bone mass compromises function, contributes to vertebral fractures in elderly.

Question 37

Arthritis

Answer 37

All rheumatic diseases that affect synovial joints, damage to articular cartilages

Question 38

Osteoarthritis

Answer 38

Ages 60+, cumulative effects of wear and tear on joints. Affects 25% of women and 15% of men over 60

Question 39

Arthroscopic surgery

Answer 39

Inserting flexible instruments through second incision to perform surgery