Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy And Physiology > Gastrointestinal System > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal System Flashcards

1
Q

System interconnections

A

Digestive, urinary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Digestive system

A

Works with other systems to support tissues, provides nutrients for cell maintenance and growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Urinary system

A

Removes organic wastes generated by cell activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Components of the digestive system

A

Mouth, oral cavity, teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Accessory organs of the digestive system

A

Salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the Oral cavity, teeth, tongue do?

A

Mechanical processing, moistening, mixing food with saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the pharynx do?

A

Muscular propulsion of food into esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the esophagus do?

A

Transports swallowed food to stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the stomach do?

A

Chemical and mechanical processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the small intestine do?

A

Enzymatic digestion and absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the large intestine do?

A

Dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Functions of the digestive tract

A

Ingestion, mechanical processing, digestion, secretion, absorption, compaction/defecation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ingestion

A

Food and liquids enter digestive tract through mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mechanical processing

A

Involves crushing and shredding of food in oral cavity and mixing and churning of swallowed food in the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Digestion

A

Chemical and enzymatic breakdown of food into small, organic molecules that can be absorbed by the digestive epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Secretion

A

Performed along most of tract. Goblet cells along canal secrete mucus. Accessory organs provide most materials secreted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Absorption

A

Movement of organic molecules, electrolytes, vitamins, and water across digestive epithelium and into interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Compaction/defication

A

Compaction is progressive dehydration of indigestible foods and organic wastes prior to elimination.
Compacted material called feces and eliminated by defecation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Motility

A

The capability of the GI tract to move and mix food along its length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Volume factor influencing gastric emptying time

A

Larger the starting volume, greater the initial rate of emptying. After initial period, the larger the original volume, slower the rate of emptying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Type of meal factor influencing gastric emptying time

A

Reduction in rate of emptying to an extent directly dependent upon concentration for salts and nonelectrolytes

22
Q

Physical state of gastric contents factors influencing gastric emptying time

A

Solutions or suspensions of small particles empty more rapidly

23
Q

Body position factor influencing gastric emptying time

A

Rate of emptying is reduced in a patient lying on left side

24
Q

Viscosity factor influencing gastric emptying time

A

Rate of emptying id greater for viscous solutions

25
Q

Emotional states influence on gastric emptying

A

Aggressive to stressful emotional states increase stomach contractions and emptying rate

26
Q

Disease states influence of gastric emptying

A

Rate of emptying is reduced in some diabetics and in patients with local pyloric lesions and hypothyroidism

27
Q

Drugs influence on gastric emptying

A

Anticholinergic, narcotic analgesic etc decrease emptying

28
Q

Superior boundary of oral cavity

A

Hard palate, soft palate

29
Q

Anterior and lateral boundary of the oral cavity

A

Lips (labia), cheeks, body of tongue

30
Q

Posterior boundary of the oral cavity

A

Uvula, palatine tonsil, root of tongue, lingual tonsil

31
Q

Inferior boundary of the oral cavity

A

Tongue and underlying muscles

32
Q

Three pairs of salivary glands moisten the food bolus

A

Hard palate/soft palate, cheeks/body of tongue, uvula/palatine tonsil

33
Q

Mastication

A

Process of teeth crushing and shredding food

34
Q

Lingual lipase

A

Lipase, amylase

35
Q

Lipase

A

Begins lipid digestion

36
Q

Amylase

A

Begins starch digestion

37
Q

What is the superior third of the the esophagus composed of?

A

Skeletal muscle fibres

38
Q

What is the middle third of the esophagus composed of?

A

Skeletal and smooth muscle

39
Q

What is the inferior third of the esophagus composed of?

A

Smooth muscle

40
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing

41
Q

What are the 2 major movements of deglutition?

A

Segmentation, peristalsis

42
Q

Lower esophageal sphincter

A

Inferior end of esophagus; usually contracted, prevents back flow of stomach contents into esophagus

43
Q

Regions of the stomach

A

Fundus, cardia, body, pylorus

44
Q

Structure of the stomach wall

A

Fundus, esophagus, cardia, body, lesser curvature, rugae, greater curvature

45
Q

The pylorus

A

Pyloric antrum, pyloric canal, pyloric sphincter

46
Q

Layers of the muscularis externa

A

Longitudinal muscle layer, circular muscle layer, oblique muscle layer

47
Q

Gastric glands

A

In the Fundus and body of the stomach; secrete most of acid and enzymes involves in gastric digestion. Secrete about 1500mL gastric juice daily

48
Q

Gastric juice

A

Thin, colourless, acidic fluid containing enzymes

49
Q

Parietal cells secrete

A

Intrinsic factor that aids in absorption vitamin B12, hydrochloride acid (HCl)

50
Q

Chief cells secrete

A

Pepsinogen
Rennin and gastric lipase

51
Q

The small intestine

A

90% of nutrients absorption occurs here, averages 6m long, diameter 4cm at stomach to 2.5 cm at the large intestine

Anatomy And Physiology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions