Intro To ANPH Flashcards
1
Q
Anatomy
A
Cutting open; study of structures of the body, physical relationships among body parts
2
Q
Gross anatomy/macroscopic
A
Large scale; seen with naked eye
3
Q
Microscopic anatomy
A
Layers seen with a microscope
4
Q
Physiology
A
Study of natural functioning; how it works
5
Q
Pathophysiology
A
disordered physiological processes that cause, result from, or are otherwise associated with a disease or injury; what is happening
6
Q
Arter-
A
Artery; arterial
7
Q
Arthro-
A
Joint; Arthroscopy
8
Q
Bio-
A
Life; biology
9
Q
-blast
A
Germ; osteoblast
10
Q
Bronch-
A
Windpipe, airway; bronchial
11
Q
Cardi- / cardio- / -cardia
A
Heart; cardiac, cardiopulmonary, tachycardia
12
Q
Cerebr-
A
Brain; cerebral hemispheres
13
Q
Cervic-
A
Neck; cervical vertebrae
14
Q
Chondro-
A
Cartilage; chondrocyte
15
Q
Cranio-
A
Skull; craniosacral
16
Q
Cyt- / cyto-
A
A hallow cell; cytology, cytokine
17
Q
Derm-
A
Skin; dermatome
18
Q
End- / endo-
A
Within; endergonic, endometrium
19
Q
Epi-
A
On; epimysium
20
Q
Hemo-
A
Blood; hemopoiesis
21
Q
Hyper-
A
Above; hyperpolarization
22
Q
Hypo-
A
Under; hypothyroid
23
Q
Inter-
A
Between; interventricular
24
Q
Iso-
A
Equal; isotonic
25
Leuk- / Leuko-
White; leukaemia, leukocyte
26
Lyso- / -lysis / -lyze
A loosening; hydrolysis
27
Myo-
Muscle; myofilament
28
Nephr-
Kidney; nephron
29
Neur- / neuri- / neuro-
Nerve; neural, neurilemma, neuromuscular
30
-ology
The study of; physiology
31
Ost- / oste- / osteo-
Bone; osteal, ostealgia, osteocyte
32
Peri-
Around; perineurium
33
Phago-
To eat; phagocyte
34
Physio-
Nature; physiology
35
Pre-
Before; precapillary sphincter
36
Pulmo-
Lung; pulmonary
37
Retro-
Backward; retroperitoneal
38
Scler- / sclero-
Hard; sclera, sclerosis
39
Sub-
Below; subcutaneous
40
Super-
Beyond; superficial
41
Vas-
Vessel; vascular
42
Levels of organization
Each level is more complex than underlying one.
All broken down to similar chemical and cellular components
43
What are the levels of organization?
Chemical/molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
44
Chemical/molecular level / functional property
Atoms combine to form molecules, functional property determined by; three dimensional shape, atomic components
45
Cellular level / functional property
Calls are the smallest living units. Each has a specific function; mitochondrial provides energy for heart muscle contraction
46
Tissue level / functional property
A group of cells working together to perform specific functions. Heart muscle cells from cardiac muscle tissue
47
Organ level / functional property
Composed of two or more tissues working together to perform specific functions. Layers of cardiac muscle tissue along with connective tissue form the heart. A three dimensional organ
48
Organ system level / functional property
Consist of interacting organs. The heart works with blood vessels and blood to form the cardiovascular system
49
Organism level / functional property
Highest level of organization. Collection of organ systems work together to maintain life and health
50
Anatomical position
Hands at the sides, palms facing forward, feet together facing forward, eyes facing forward
51
Anterior body regions
Regions on the front of the body
52
Frons
Forehead / frontal
53
Cranium
Skull / cranial
54
Facies
Face / facial
55
Oris
Mouth / oral
56
Mentis
Chin / mental
57
Axilla
Armpit / axillary
58
Brachium
Arm / brachial
59
Antebicubitis
Front of elbow / antecubital
60
Antebrachium
Forearm / antebrachial
61
Carpus
Wrist / carpal
62
Palma
Palm / palmar
63
Digits (phalanges)
Fingers/toes / phalangeal
64
Polled
Thumb
65
Patella
Kneecap / patellar
66
Crus
Leg / crural
67
Tarsus
Ankle / tarsal
68
Hallux
Great toe
69
Oculus
Eye / orbital / ocular
70
Bucca
Cheek / buccal
71
Auris
Ear / otic
72
Nasus
Nose / nasal
73
Cervicis
Neck / cervical
74
Trunk
Thorcis/thorax, mamma, abdomen, umbilicus, hip
75
Thorcis/thorax
Chest / thoracic
76
Mamma
Breast / mammary
77
Umbilicus
Navel / umbilical
78
Inguen
Groin / inguinal
79
Femur
Thigh / femoral
80
Pes
Foot / pedal
81
Posterior body regions
The back regions of the body
82
Cephalon
Head / cephalic
83
Shoulder
Acromial
84
Dorsum
Back / dorsal
85
Olecranon
Back of elbow / olecranal
86
Lumbus
Loin / lumbar
87
Sacrum
Sacral
88
Manus
Hand / manual
89
Gluteus
Buttock / gluteal
90
Popliteus
Back of knee / popliteal
91
Sura
Calf / sural
92
Calcaneus
Heel of foot / calacaneal
93
Planta
Sole of foot / plantar
94
Anterior / ventral
Front / belly
95
Posterior / dorsal
Back
96
Cranial / cephalic
Head
97
Superior
Above; higher level towards the head
98
Caudal
Tail / coccyx
99
Inferior
Below; lower level
100
Medial
Toward midsagittal plane / towards the middle
101
Lateral
Away from the midsagittal plane / away from the middle
102
Proximal
Toward an attached base
103
Distal
Away from an attached base
104
Superficial
At / near / close to the body surface
105
Deep
Further from the body surface
106
Supine
Face up
107
Prone
Face down
108
Recumbent
Laying on a specific side
109
Transverse / horizontal
Perpendicular to long axis
110
Sagittal
Parallel to long axis
111
Midsagittal
Parallel to long axis
112
Parasagittal
Parallel to long axis
113
Frontal / coronal
Parallel to long axis
114
Body cavities / functions
Interior subdivided into regions. Protect delicate organs from shock/impact, permit significant changes in size/shape of internal organs
115
Viscera
Organs completely enclosed in body cavities. Not floating but connected to the rest of the body
116
Ventral body cavity division
subdivided into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
117
Thoracic cavity
Pericardial cavity, pleural cavity
118
Pericardial cavity
Surrounds the heart
119
Pleural cavity
Surrounds left / right lungs
120
Abdominopelvic cavity
Peritoneal cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity
121
Peritoneal cavity
Lines the inside of abdomen and pelvis
122
Abdominal cavity
Surrounds digestive glands / organs
123
Pelvic cavity
Surrounds urinary bladder, reproductive organs, last portion of the digestive tract
124
What do cavities provide?
Protection but also have the potential for occult blood loss
125
Occult blood loss
Hidden blood loss
126
How much occult blood loss can happen in each cavity?
Thoracic - 3L left pleural/3L right pleural cavity, cranial cavity - 0L, pericardial cavity - 60mL, retroperitoneal - 5L, pelvic cavity - 5L
127
Retroperitoneal
Surrounds kidneys and pancreas. Between the peritoneal lining and muscular wall of abdominopelvic cavity
128
Homeostasis
Maintenance of a stable internal environment
Receptor - control center - effector
129
Homeostasis
Maintenance of a stable internal environment
Receptor - control center - effector
Essential to the survival of organisms
130
Feedback
Triggers response by receptor
131
Negative feedback
Opposes original stimulus (common)
132
Positive feedback
Enhances changes (uncommon)
