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Anatomy And Physiology > Integumentary System And Assessment > Flashcards

Integumentary System And Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Integumentary system

A

Body’s first line of defence, largest organ in your body, composed of cutaneous membrane (skin), accessory structures (hair, nails, exocrine glands)

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2
Q

Cutaneous Membrane

A

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis/subcutaneous layer

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3
Q

Epidermis

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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4
Q

Dermis

A

Papillary layer of areolar tissue, reticular layer of dense irregular connective tissue

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5
Q

Hypodermis/subcutaneous layer

A

Connective tissue deep to integument

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6
Q

Cutaneous membrane

A

Epidermis
Dermis - papillary layer, reticular layer

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7
Q

Accessory structures

A

Hair shaft, pore of sweat gland duct, touch and pressure receptors, sebaceous gland, arrector pili muscle, seat gland duct, hair follicle, nerve fibres, sweat gland

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8
Q

Cutaneous plexus

A

Network of arteries and veins associated with integumentary tissues

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9
Q

Integumentary system functions

A

Protection, excretion, body temperature regulation, vitamin D3 synthesis, lipid storage, sensory input

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10
Q

Protection

A

Protects underlying tissues and organs from impact/abrasion/fluid loss/chemical attack.
Produces melanin, produces keratin, coordinates immune response to pathogens and skin cancer.

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11
Q

Melanin

A

Protects underlying tissue from UV radiation

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12
Q

Keratin

A

Protects against abrasion and repels water

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13
Q

Excretion

A

Excretes salts, water, organic wastes

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14
Q

Body temperature regulation

A

Maintains normal body temperature through insulation or evaporative cooling

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15
Q

Vitamin D3 synthesis

A

Converted to calcitriol, important in calcium metabolism

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16
Q

Lipid storage

A

Stored in adipocytes in dermis and hypodermis

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17
Q

Sensory input

A

Detects touch, pressure, pain, tempurature

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18
Q

Dermal circulation

A

Blood flows to dermis through papillary plexus.
More blood flow to region results in redder colour.
Less blood flow to region results in cyanosis

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19
Q

Thin skin

A

Covers most of the body surface.
Four strata (layers).
Epidermis is as thin as a plastic sandwich bag (0.08mm)

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20
Q

Thick skin

A

Found on palms of hands and souls of feet.
Five strata (layers).
Epidermis as thick as a paper towel (0.5mm)

21
Q

Characteristics of the epidermis

A

Lacks blood vessels.
Get oxygen and nutrients from dermis.
Cells with the highest metabolic demand closest to dermis.
Takes 7-10 days for cells to move from deepest layer to most superficial layer

22
Q

Stratum basale

A

Deepest layer

23
Q

Stratum corneum

A

Most superficial layer

24
Q

How is skin colour determined?

A

Pigments in the skin, carotene, melanin, degree of dermal circulation

25
Q

What does difference in skin pigmentation result from?

A

Different levels of pigment production; NOT different numbers of melanocytes

26
Q

Carotene

A

Orange-yellow pigment.
Most apparent in stratum corneum of light skinned people.
Found in orange vegetables.

27
Q

Melanin

A

Brown, yellow-brown, or black pigment.
Produced by melanocytes, located in stratum basale.
Packaged into melanosomes; transferred into keratinocytes to protect nucleus against UV radiation.
Larger melanosomes result in darker skinned individuals

28
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Most common form of skin cancer
Originates in stratum basale and rarely metastasizes
Result of mutation caused by overexposure to UV radiation

29
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Second most common form of skin cancer
Found in areas of sun exposed skin
More likely to metastasize than basal cell carcinoma

30
Q

What is the treatment for the two types of carcinoma’s?

A

Surgical removal of tumor

31
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

Most serious form of skin cancer.
Cancerous melanocytes grow rapidly and metastasize through lymphatic system.

32
Q

What is the survival rate if a malignant melanoma id detected early?

A

Detected early/removed surgically, the 5 year survival rate is 99%.

33
Q

What is the survival rate if malignant melanoma is not detected early?

A

If not detected till after metastasis, the 5 year survival rate is 14%

34
Q

What are the key characteristics of malignant melanoma?

A

Irregular in shape/border/colour.
More than 5mm in diameter.
Raised beyond skin surface.

35
Q

Where is the dermis?

A

Between epidermis and hypodermis

36
Q

What are the two fibre types in the dermis?

A

Elastic fibres, collagen fibres

37
Q

Elastic fibres

A

Stretch and recoil to original length; allow flexibility in dermis

38
Q

Collagen fibres

A

Strong, resist stretching, bend easily; limit flexibility in dermis and prevent damage.

39
Q

Hypodermis

A

Separates skin from deeper structures.
Stabilizes position of skin relative to underlying tissues.
Often dominated by adipose tissue.
Site for storing energy

40
Q

What are the two sources of vitamins D3?

A

Sunlight, diet

41
Q

Sunlight

A

Vitamin diffuses across basement membrane and into capillaries.
Epidermal cells in stratum spinous and stratum basale covert steroid compound into vitamin D3.

42
Q

Diet

A

Fish, fish oils, shellfish.
Foods “fortified with vitamin D” like milk and orange juice

43
Q

What does liver do to vitamin D3?

A

Converts it to intermediary product

44
Q

What does the kidney use the intermediary product for?

A

To synthesize calcitriol

45
Q

Calcitriol

A

Stimulates calcium and phosphorus absorption by small intestines

46
Q

What do bones use for growth and maintenance?

A

Calcium and phosphorus

47
Q

Integumentary system

A

Cutaneous membrane, accessory structures

48
Q

Cutaneous membrane

A

Epidermis, dermis

49
Q

Accessory structures

A

Hair follicles, exocrine glands, nails

Anatomy And Physiology (12 decks)

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