Integumentary System And Assessment

Question 1

Integumentary system

Answer 1

Body’s first line of defence, largest organ in your body, composed of cutaneous membrane (skin), accessory structures (hair, nails, exocrine glands)

Question 2

Cutaneous Membrane

Answer 2

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis/subcutaneous layer

Question 3

Epidermis

Answer 3

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 4

Dermis

Answer 4

Papillary layer of areolar tissue, reticular layer of dense irregular connective tissue

Question 5

Hypodermis/subcutaneous layer

Answer 5

Connective tissue deep to integument

Question 6

Cutaneous membrane

Answer 6

Epidermis
Dermis - papillary layer, reticular layer

Question 7

Accessory structures

Answer 7

Hair shaft, pore of sweat gland duct, touch and pressure receptors, sebaceous gland, arrector pili muscle, seat gland duct, hair follicle, nerve fibres, sweat gland

Question 8

Cutaneous plexus

Answer 8

Network of arteries and veins associated with integumentary tissues

Question 9

Integumentary system functions

Answer 9

Protection, excretion, body temperature regulation, vitamin D3 synthesis, lipid storage, sensory input

Question 10

Protection

Answer 10

Protects underlying tissues and organs from impact/abrasion/fluid loss/chemical attack.
Produces melanin, produces keratin, coordinates immune response to pathogens and skin cancer.

Question 11

Melanin

Answer 11

Protects underlying tissue from UV radiation

Question 12

Keratin

Answer 12

Protects against abrasion and repels water

Question 13

Excretion

Answer 13

Excretes salts, water, organic wastes

Question 14

Body temperature regulation

Answer 14

Maintains normal body temperature through insulation or evaporative cooling

Question 15

Vitamin D3 synthesis

Answer 15

Converted to calcitriol, important in calcium metabolism

Question 16

Lipid storage

Answer 16

Stored in adipocytes in dermis and hypodermis

Question 17

Sensory input

Answer 17

Detects touch, pressure, pain, tempurature

Question 18

Dermal circulation

Answer 18

Blood flows to dermis through papillary plexus.
More blood flow to region results in redder colour.
Less blood flow to region results in cyanosis

Question 19

Thin skin

Answer 19

Covers most of the body surface.
Four strata (layers).
Epidermis is as thin as a plastic sandwich bag (0.08mm)

Question 20

Thick skin

Answer 20

Found on palms of hands and souls of feet.
Five strata (layers).
Epidermis as thick as a paper towel (0.5mm)

Question 21

Characteristics of the epidermis

Answer 21

Lacks blood vessels.
Get oxygen and nutrients from dermis.
Cells with the highest metabolic demand closest to dermis.
Takes 7-10 days for cells to move from deepest layer to most superficial layer

Question 22

Stratum basale

Answer 22

Deepest layer

Question 23

Stratum corneum

Answer 23

Most superficial layer

Question 24

How is skin colour determined?

Answer 24

Pigments in the skin, carotene, melanin, degree of dermal circulation

Question 25

What does difference in skin pigmentation result from?

Answer 25

Different levels of pigment production; NOT different numbers of melanocytes

Question 26

Carotene

Answer 26

Orange-yellow pigment. Most apparent in stratum corneum of light skinned people. Found in orange vegetables.

Question 27

Melanin

Answer 27

Brown, yellow-brown, or black pigment. Produced by melanocytes, located in stratum basale. Packaged into melanosomes; transferred into keratinocytes to protect nucleus against UV radiation. Larger melanosomes result in darker skinned individuals

Question 28

Basal cell carcinoma

Answer 28

Most common form of skin cancer Originates in stratum basale and rarely metastasizes Result of mutation caused by overexposure to UV radiation

Question 29

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 29

Second most common form of skin cancer Found in areas of sun exposed skin More likely to metastasize than basal cell carcinoma

Question 30

What is the treatment for the two types of carcinoma’s?

Answer 30

Surgical removal of tumor

Question 31

Malignant melanoma

Answer 31

Most serious form of skin cancer. Cancerous melanocytes grow rapidly and metastasize through lymphatic system.

Question 32

What is the survival rate if a malignant melanoma id detected early?

Answer 32

Detected early/removed surgically, the 5 year survival rate is 99%.

Question 33

What is the survival rate if malignant melanoma is not detected early?

Answer 33

If not detected till after metastasis, the 5 year survival rate is 14%

Question 34

What are the key characteristics of malignant melanoma?

Answer 34

Irregular in shape/border/colour. More than 5mm in diameter. Raised beyond skin surface.

Question 35

Where is the dermis?

Answer 35

Between epidermis and hypodermis

Question 36

What are the two fibre types in the dermis?

Answer 36

Elastic fibres, collagen fibres

Question 37

Elastic fibres

Answer 37

Stretch and recoil to original length; allow flexibility in dermis

Question 38

Collagen fibres

Answer 38

Strong, resist stretching, bend easily; limit flexibility in dermis and prevent damage.

Question 39

Hypodermis

Answer 39

Separates skin from deeper structures. Stabilizes position of skin relative to underlying tissues. Often dominated by adipose tissue. Site for storing energy

Question 40

What are the two sources of vitamins D3?

Answer 40

Sunlight, diet

Question 41

Sunlight

Answer 41

Vitamin diffuses across basement membrane and into capillaries. Epidermal cells in stratum spinous and stratum basale covert steroid compound into vitamin D3.

Question 42

Diet

Answer 42

Fish, fish oils, shellfish. Foods “fortified with vitamin D” like milk and orange juice

Question 43

What does liver do to vitamin D3?

Answer 43

Converts it to intermediary product

Question 44

What does the kidney use the intermediary product for?

Answer 44

To synthesize calcitriol

Question 45

Calcitriol

Answer 45

Stimulates calcium and phosphorus absorption by small intestines

Question 46

What do bones use for growth and maintenance?

Answer 46

Calcium and phosphorus

Question 47

Integumentary system

Answer 47

Cutaneous membrane, accessory structures

Question 48

Cutaneous membrane

Answer 48

Epidermis, dermis

Question 49

Accessory structures

Answer 49

Hair follicles, exocrine glands, nails