Muscular System Flashcards
Three muscle tissue types
Skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Skeletal muscle tissue
Found in skeletal muscles, striations present, voluntary control
Smooth muscle tissue
GI tract, vascular system, diaphragm, no striations, involuntary control
Cardiac muscle tissue
Heart wall, striations present, involuntary control
Tendons
Collagen fibres of connective tissue layers in skeletal muscle extend beyond muscle at end
What do tendons attach muscles to?
Attaches muscle to bone
Ligaments
Fibrous connective tissue
What do ligaments connect together?
Bone to bone
Two types of muscle fibres
Red, slow twitch, for aerobic endurance.
White, fast twitch, for anaerobic strength.
Cori cycle
Lactate produced in muscle during peak activity diffuses into blood stream. Liver converts lactate to pyruvate.
How much of pyruvate is broken down in mitochondria for energy?
30%
What is the remaining 70% of pyruvate converted into?
Glucose
Oxygen debt
Amount of oxygen required to restore normal conditions
Hypertrophy
Repeated, exhaustive stimulation causes muscle fibres to develop; enlargement of whole muscle
Lack of stimulation to skeletal muscle causes?
Loss of muscle mass and tone.
Decreased size of muscle fibres (atrophy)
Atrophy
Somewhat natural process of aging
May be temporary with injury or cast immobilization
Dying muscle fibres not replaced, can be permanent