Nervous System Flashcards
Nervous system organization
Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
Central nervous system
Brain and spinal cord
Integrates, processes, and coordinates sensory data and motor commands
Peripheral nervous system
All neural tissue outside CNS
Sensory (afferent) division
Motor (efferent) division
Central nervous system functional anatomy
Contains 97% of body’s neural tissue
Weighs about 1.4 kg (3lbs) with 1200mL volume
Male brain about 10% larger than female ( No correlation between brain size and intelligence)
Sensory division of peripheral nervous system
Brings information to CNS from receptors
Somatic sensory receptors
Visceral sensory receptors
Special sensory receptors
Somatic sensory receptors
Provide sensation of touch, position, pressure, pain, temperature
Visceral sensory receptors
Monitor internal organs
Special sensory receptors
Provide sensations of smell, taste, vision, balance, hearing
Negative feedback for homeostasis
- Receptors: temperature receptors in skin and brain
- Control center: temperature control center
- Effectors: smooth muscle in walls of blood vessels and sweat glands
- Homeostasis restored
Motor division of the peripheral nervous system
Carries motor commands from CNS to target organs called effectors
Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Carries messages to skeletal muscle
Autonomic nervous system
Carries messages to:
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Glands
Adipose tissue
Major components and functions of the nervous system
- Receptors - somatic, visceral, special sensory receptors
- Peripheral nervous system - sensory (afferent) division
- Central nervous system- information processing
- Peripheral nervous system - motor (efferent) division, somatic nervous system, autonomic nervous system
- Effectors - skeletal muscle, smooth, cardiac muscle, glands, adipose tissue
Cerebrum; two cerebral hemispheres
Cerebellum, diecephalon
Cerebral cortex
Superficial layer of gray matter
Functions of the cerebrum
Conscious thought, memory storage and processing, sensory processing, regulation of skeletal muscle contractions
Cerebellum
Second-largest structure in the brain
Coordinates and modulates motor commands from cerebral cortex
Diencephalon
Thalamus, Hypothalamus
Thalamus
Relay and processing center for sensory information
Hypothalamus
Centres for emotions, autonomic functions, hormone production
Brain stem regions; three parts
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Midbrain
Processes visual and auditory information
Helps maintain consciousness
Pons
Connects cerebellum to brain stem
Controls respiratory pace and rhythm
Functions in somatic and visceral motor response
Medulla oblongata
Relays sensory information to brain stem and thalamus
Autonomic regulation centres for heart rate and blood pressure
