skeletal system Flashcards
cartledge types
hyaline
fibrocartledge
elastic cartledge
hyaline cartledge
articular cartledge
coats the endes of bone to protect the ends of bones
streghtn and flexible
fibrocartldge
strong
resist compression
absorb pressure
verterbrae
elastic cartldge
firm but elastic allow stretch and recoil
pina of the ear
fuctions of skeletal system
protection- protect vital organs
provide structural framework by allowing muscle to attach
assit in movement by muscle pull via tendon
mineral homeostasis storage of calcium and phosphate
storage of energy- fat in yellow bone marrow
blood cell production in red bone marrow
axial and appendicular
midline- just skull and trunk
appendicular- girdles e.g pectoral and pelvic
skull bones
frontal, pariteal, temporal, occipical
mandible and maxialla
vertebra seperate
7- cervical
12-thoracic
5- lumber
1 fused sacral
1 fused coccycx
curved spine
2 nirmal anterior- cervical and lumbar
2 normal posterior- thoracic and sacrocygeal
depressions on skull
orbit- eye socket
foramen- bottom of skull
fissure- narrow slit
cannal- optic nerve
fossa- trench
sulcus- groove
bone structure
hard background matrix- osseous tissue
crystallised salt/ collagen/ water
mineral salt intergeates with collagen calcification
collagen
flexibillity
bends out of compression force
organic bone
collagen gives flexibility to resist tear, stretch and twist
inorganic bone-
rigid and hardness allows bone to support withstand compression
diaphysis
bone shaft increase compact bone
metaphysis
joins diaphysis and epiphysis
bellow a layer of compact bone
epiphysis
ends of bone- spongy bone allows compact
red marrow
spongy bone- blood cell production
yellow marrow
medullary lipid storage
articular cartleldge
protein end of bones
periosteum
membrane around the bone- 2 layered
outer- fibrous
inner- cellular
allow nerves, blood vessel pass through to bone
endosteum
medullary cavity cover spongy bone
allows growth and repair
osteocyte
mature bone cell
osteogenic
stem cell
produce osteoblasts
osteoblast
build bones osteogenisis
osteoclast
breakdown bone through secretion of enzymes and acid
to reabsoption
resist force different angle
spongy bone
resist compression force
compact bone
weight bear
both
less atp
spongy
compact bone
circular osteon
repaeting osteons are parallel
located diaphysis outerlayer around epiphysis
dense
tensile strentgh ‘resist compresion
strong
spongy bone
epiphysis and metaphsis
covered with endosteum
canilucular- allow movement rhough holes
resist force from different directions
joints
union of two bones
fibrous
no joint cavity
suture- bones held tightly together by connective layer
stenosis: complete fusion of two bones
gomphosis: ligament hold tooth im gum
interosesu: membrane- syndemosis
cartilaginous joint
no joint capsule
helt togther by cartledge
2 types synchondrosis
symphysis
synovial joint
joint capsule
ligaments
articular cartledge
meiscus
bursae
synovial fluid
frelly movable
synarthrosis
immobile
ampjiathrosis
slightly mobile
