fluids

Question 1

extracellular fluid

Answer 1

fluid that has leaked out of blood vessels surrounds cells

blood plasma// intertestinal fluid

Question 2

intracellular fluid

Answer 2

It is the fluid within cells of the body. It consists mainly of water, along with dissolved solutes such as ions, proteins, nutrients, and other molecules necessary for cellular function

Question 3

movement of water

Answer 3

osmosis

relies of
hypotonic solutions- low in solute high in water
hypertonic- high in solute low in water
isotonic- same/ equal

Question 4

water will move from

Answer 4

hypertonic to hypotonic

Question 5

electrolytes

Answer 5

ions are primarily dissolved in bodily fluids, including blood, plasma, interstitial fluid, and intracellular fluid.
Ions are released when inorganic ions (NaCl) dissociate (Na+ and Cl- for example).
Electrolytes play a critical role in maintaining proper fluid balance.

Question 6

sodium concentration

Answer 6

If plasma sodium increases, plasma volume will need to increase to maintain a constant concentration.
This can cause water to move out of cells and into the blood plasma, causing cells to become dehydrated and shrink.
The kidneys will work to maintain a proper balance of sodium and water to prevent imbalances from becoming severe.
The kidneys will increase water reabsorption when acted on by ADH.

Question 7

increase in blood osmolarity

Answer 7

Hypothalamic osmoreceptors detect ↑ blood osmolality.
ADH released from posterior pituitary.
ADH acts on nephrons to reabsorb water into blood.
Urine becomes more concentrated.
Blood becomes more dilute.

Question 8

Plasma oncotic osmotic pressure

Answer 8

osmotic pressure exerted by large proteins present in plasma, particularly albumin. These proteins are too large to pass through the semipermeable capillary walls,

Question 9

Interstitial fluid oncotic osmotic pressure

Answer 9

osmotic pressure exerted by proteins present in interstitial fluid.

Question 10

osmotic pressure exerted by proteins present in interstitial fluid.

Answer 10

increase filtration

Question 11

An increase in plasma proteins causes

Answer 11

increase in plasmatic oncotic pressure

Question 12

Decreased reabsorption causes

Answer 12

decrease in plasma proteins

Question 13

An increase in plasma oncotic osmotic pressure causes

Answer 13

increased reabsorption

Question 14

oedema causes

Answer 14

increased hydrostatic pressure
decreased oncotic pressure
lymphatic obstruction
increased vascular permeability

Question 15

oedema increased hydrostatic pressure

Answer 15

water retention greater blood volume

heart failure- pool of blood increase pressure in capilaries

Question 16

decreased oncotic pressure

Answer 16

decreased plasma proteins
liver failure occurs

protein will enter urine

Question 17

increased vascular permability

Answer 17

increased extracellular fluid
increase protein and blood plasma into intertistial fluid
reduce oncotice pressure
reduce blood volume