SKELETAL SYSTEM

Question 1

PARTS OF THE SYSTEM

Answer 1

-bones(skeleton)
-joints
-cartilage
-ligaments

Question 2

FUNCTIONS OF BONES

Answer 2

-support the body
-protect soft organs
-allow movement due to attached skeletal muscles
-store minerals & fats
-blood cell formation

Question 3

BONES OF THE HUMAN BODY

Answer 3

-adult skeleton has 206 bones

2 basic types of bone tissue
-compact bone
-homogenous

Spongy bone(trabecular)
-small needle-like pieces of bone
-many open spaces

Question 4

CLASSIFICATION LONG BONES

Answer 4

-typically longer than they are wide
-have a shaft with heads at both ends
-contain mostly compact bone
EXAMPLE
-femur
-humerus

Question 5

CLASSIFICATION SHORT BONES

Answer 5

-as long as they are wide
-generally cube-shape
-contain mostly spongy bone
EXAMPLES
-carpals
-tarsals

Question 6

CLASSIFICATION FLAT BONES

Answer 6

-thin, flattened, & usually curved
-2 thin layers of compact bone surround a layer of spongy bone
EXAMPLE
-skull
-sternum
-ribs

Question 7

CLASSIFICATION IRREGULAR BONES

Answer 7

-irregular shape
-doesn’t fit into other bone class categories
EXAMPLE
-vertebrae
-hip bones

Question 8

ANATOMY OF A LONG BONED

Answer 8

DIAPHYSIS
-shaft
-composed of compact bone
EPIPHISIS
-ends of the bone
-composed of mostly spongy bone.

Question 9

PERIOSTEUM

Answer 9

-outside covering of diaphysis
-fibrous connective tissue
SHARPEY’s FIBERS
-secure PERIOSTEUM to underlying bones

Question 10

ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

Answer 10

-covers the external surface at epiphyses
-made of hyaline cartilage
-decreases friction at joint surfaces

Question 11

EPIPHYSEAL PLATE

Answer 11

-flat plate of hyaline cartilage seen in young, growing bone
EPIPHYSEAL LINE
-remnant of the epiphyseal plate
-seen in adult bones

Question 12

MEDULLARY CAVITY

Answer 12

-cavity inside of the shaft
-contains yellow marrow(mostly fat) in adults
-contains red marrow (for blood cells formation in infants)
*arrthropyotin- producing blood

Question 13

BONE MARKINGS

Answer 13

-surface feature of bones
//site of attachments for muscles, tendons, & ligaments
//passage for nerve & blood vessels
CATEGORIES OF BONE MARKINGS
-projection or processes–grow out from the bone surface
-depressions or cavities-indentations