BONES

Question 1

PARANASAL SINUS

Answer 1

-hollow portions of bones surrounding the nasal cavity
functions of paranasal sinuses
//lightens the skull
//give resonance & amplification to voice

Question 2

THE HYPOID BONE

Answer 2

-the only bone that does not articulate with another bone
-serves as a movable base for the tongue
-aids in allowing speech

Question 3

PELVIC GIRDLE

Answer 3

-the total weights of the upper body rest on the pelvis
-protects several organs
-reproductive, part of large intestine, urinary bladder

Question 4

ARCHES OF THE FOOT

Answer 4

-bones of the foot are arranged to form 3 strong arches
-2 longitudinal
-1 transverse

Question 5

FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS

Answer 5

-synarthroses- imoveale
-amphiarthroses- slightly movable
-diarthrases- freely movable

Question 6

STRUCTURAL FUNCTION OF JOINTS

Answer 6

-fibrous joints- generally immovable
-cartilagionous-immovable or slightly movable
-synovial- freely

Question 7

FIBROUS JOINTS

Answer 7

• bone ends/parts are untied y collagenic fibers
  TYPES
  -sutures(short fibers)
  -syndesomsis, which allows for more movements(longer fibers)
  Gomphosis(periodontal ligaments)
  MOBILITY
  synarthrosis & amphiarthrosis
  EXAMPLES
  -distal end of tibia & fibula

Question 8

CARTILOGINOUS

Answer 8

bone ends/ends are united by cartilage
TYPES
-syndondrosis(hyaline cartilage)
-symphysis(fibrocartilage)
MOBILITY
imoblie, slightly movable
EXAMPLES
public symphisis, intervetral joints

Question 9

SYNOVIAL JOINTS

Answer 9

-bone ends/ parts are covered with ARTICULAR CARTILAGE & enclosed within an articualr capsule lined with synovial membrane
TYPES
-hinge
-pivot
-condyloid
-saddle
-ball & socket
MOBILITY
-diarthrosis depending on joint
-ligaments reinforce joints

Question 10

SYNOVIAL JOINTS-BURSAE

Answer 10

-bursae// flattened fibrous sacs
//lined with synovial membranes
// filled with synovial fluid
TENDON SHEATH
-elongate bursa that wraps around tendon

Question 11

INFLAMMATORY CONDITION JOINTS

Answer 11

-busitis- inflammation of bursa usually caused by blowor friction
-tendonitis- inflammation of tendon sheaths
arthritis- inflammatory or degenerative diseases of joints

Question 12

OSTEOARTHRITIS

Answer 12

-most common chronic arthritis
-most related to normal aging processes

Question 13

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Answer 13

-autoimmune diseases- the immune system attacks the joints
-symptoms begin with bilateral inflammation of certain joints
-often leads to deformities

Question 14

GOUTY ARTHRITIS

Answer 14

-inflammation do joints is caused by a deposition of uric acid crystals from blood
-can usually be controlled with diet & reversible

Question 15

CURVATURES OF THE SPINE

Answer 15

-primary curvatures are present at birth & are convex posterorly
-secondary curvatures are associated with a child’s later development & are convex anteriorly
-anormal spinal curvatures(lordosis) are often congenital