PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Question 1

what is a GENE?

Answer 1

DNA segment that carries a blueprint for building 1 protein

Question 2

FUNCTIONS OF PROTEIN

Answer 2

-building materials for cells
-act as enzymes(biological catalyst)
-RNA is essential for protein synthesis

Question 3

ROLE OF RNA

Answer 3

MESSENGER
-mRNA is created as an enzyme will cut the 2 DNA strands apart. The DNA is then transcripted into the RNA language. Ademine(a) is replaced with U(uriual)
RIBISOMAL RNA
-rRNA helps the ribosomes where protein is built
TRANSFER RNA
-transfers appropriate amino acids to the ribosome for building proteins.
-used during TRANSLATION
-each codon is paired with its complementary amino acid
-anti-codon(tRNA) goes with mRNA codon that has already been translated.

Question 4

DNA NUCLEOTIDE

Answer 4

-includes nitrogenous base
-sugar
-phosphate
The sugar & phosphate are all the same for the nucleotides(the backbone), EXCEPT for the amino acids

Question 5

what are the DNA BASES?

Answer 5

-guanine(G)
-cytosine(C)
-adenine(A)
-thymine(T)

Question 6

TISSUES

Answer 6

-groups of cells with similar structure & function
FOUR PRIMARY TYPES
-epithelial tissue
-connective
-nervous
-muscle

Question 7

LOCATION & FUNCTION OF TISSUES

Answer 7

LOCATION
-body coverings
-body lining
-glandular tissue
FUNCTIONS
-protection
-absorption
-secretion
-filtration.

Question 8

EPITHELIUM CHARACTERISTICS

Answer 8

-very poor blood supply or vascular
-cells are very close together to create sheets(different junctions)
-apical surface is the free surface of the tissue(dead no blood supply)
-the base membrane has blood supply that DIFFUSES to the apical surface
-REGENERATE WHEN WELL NOURISHED

Question 9

GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM

Answer 9

ENDOCRINE GLAND
-ductless since secretions diffuse into the blood vessels
-all secretions are hormones
EXOCRINE GLAND
-secretions can empty through ducts that can lead to the epithelial surface(can get stuck in glands)
-include sweat & oil glands