CELL PHYSIOLOGY- membrane transport

Question 1

INTRACELLULAR FLUID

Answer 1

Fluid inside the cell
-nucleoplasm
-cytosol

Question 2

INTERSTITIAL FLUID

Answer 2

Ex- the aquious solution in your body: water
fluid on the exterior of the cell

Question 3

Describe SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY

Answer 3

• the plasma membrane allows some materials to pass while excluding others
  -the permeability influences movement both into & out of the cell

Question 4

Explain what HYPERTONIC, HYPOTONIC, & ISOTONIC is. Give examples

Answer 4

Hypertonic- when there is a lower solute concentration outside of the cell. As a result, the solute must diffuse its solute outside of the cell(hypotonic area).
Hypotonic- vise versa of hypertonic. higher concentration of solute outside the cell & is diffused inside the cell.
Example- remember the blood cell example(gizmo osmosis)

Question 5

PASSIVE TRANSPORT PROCESSES

Answer 5

-particles tend to distribute themselves evenly within a solution
-movement is high concentration to low, or down the conc.gradient

Question 6

SIMPLE DIFFUSION

Answer 6

-un-assisted process
-solutes are lipid-soluble materials or small enough to pass through membrane pores directly through phosplipid bilayer
EX- vitamin a, b, e

Question 7

OSMOSIS
simple diffusion of water

Answer 7

-highly polar water molecules easily cross the plasma membrane through aquaporins(specific channel protein) or through lipid bilayer

Question 8

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

Answer 8

-substances require a protein carrier for passive transport
-transports lipid-insoluble & large substances

ANYTHING POLAR(not a fat((sodium or carb)
via protein carrier specific for chemical binding of substarate causes shape change protein OR

through a channel protein; mostly ions selected on basis of size & charge(smaller)

Question 9

FILTRATION

Answer 9

-water & solutes are forced through a membrane by fluid, or hydrostate pressure
-A PRESSURE GRADIENT MUST EXIST
-solute-containing fluid is pushed from a high-pressure area to lower pressure area

Question 10

ACTIVE TRANSPORT PROCESS

Answer 10

-cannot pass through by diffusion -substance may be too large
-may not be able to dissolve in the fat core of membrane
-may have to move against concentration gradient
MUST HAVE ATP!!!

Question 11

What are the 2 most common means of transportation

Answer 11

ACTIVE TRANSPORT(solute pumping)
VESICULAR TRANSPORT
-exocytosis
-endocytosis
-phagocytosis
-pinocytosis

Question 12

SOLUTE PUMPING

Answer 12

-Amino acids, some sugars, & ions are transported by protein carriers called solute pumps
-ATP energizes protein pumps
-Usually substances are moved against the concentration gradients

Question 13

VESICULAR TRANSPORT
EXOCYTOSIS

Answer 13

Exocytosis
-moves materials outside of the cell
-materials are carried outside the membranous vesicle
-vesicle migrates to plasma membrane
-then, it combines with the plasma membrane
-material is emptied outside

Question 14

VESICULAR TRANSPORT ENDOCYTOSIS

Answer 14

-extracellular substances are engulfed by being enclosed in membranous vesicle
Phagocytosis
“cell eating”
Pinocytosis
“cell drinking”