NERVOUS SYSTEM: PHYSIOLOGY

Question 1

FUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Answer 1

-sensory input–gathering information
//to monitor changes occuring inside & outside the body
//changes=stimuli
-Integration
//to process & interpret sensory input & decide if action is needed
-motor output
//response to integrated stimuli
//response activates muscles or glands

Question 2

STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION

Answer 2

Central nervous system (CNS)
-brain
-spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
-nerves outside the brain & spinal cord
-spinal nerves
-cranial nerves
Sensory (Affernent) division
-nerve fibers that carry information to the central nervous system
Motor (effecerent) Division
-2 subdivisions
//somatic nervous system (voluntary)
//AUTONOMIC nervous system (involuntary)

Question 3

NERVOUS TISSUE: support cells

Answer 3

-support cells in the CNS are grouped together as “neuroglia”
-function :support, insulate, & protect neurons

Question 4

ASTROCYTES

Answer 4

-abundant, star shaped cells
-brace neurons
-forms barrier between capillaries neuron’s
-control the chemical environment of the brain

Question 5

MICROGILA

Answer 5

-spider-like phagocytes
-dispose of debris

Question 6

EPENDYMAL CELLS

Answer 6

-line cavities of the brain & spinal cord
-circulate cerebrospinal fluid

Question 7

OLIGODENDROCYTES

Answer 7

-wrap around the nerve fibers in the central nervous system
-produce myelin sheaths

Question 8

SATELLITE CELLS

Answer 8

-protect neuron cell bodies
SCHWANN CELLS
-form myelin sheath in peripheral nervous system

Question 9

NEURONS

Answer 9

-nerve cells specialized to transmit messages
-major regions of neurons
//cell body
// nucleus & metabolic center of the cell
-processes- fibers that external from the cell body

Question 10

NEURON CELL BODY

Answer 10

-nissi substance
//specialized rough ER
-neuronfibrils
//intermediate cytoskelaton
//maintains cell shape
-nucleus
-large nucleolus
-processes outside the cell body
-dendrites
//conduct impulses toward the cell body
-axons
//conduct impulses away from cell body

Question 11

NERVOUS TISSUE: neurons

Answer 11

-axons end in axon terminals
-axonal terminals contain vesicles with neurotransmitters
-axonal terminals are separated from the next neuron with a gap
-synaptic cleft- gap between adjacent neurons
-synapse-junction between nerves

Question 12

NEURON CELL BODY LOCATION

Answer 12

-most neuron cell bodies are found in the central nervous system
-gray matter- cell bodies & unmyelinated fibers
-nuclei- clusters of cell bodies within white matter of the central nervous system
Ganglia- collections of cell bodies outside the central nervous system